Q1: Write the names of Greek Order.
Ans:The names of the three main Greek architectural orders are: Doric, Ionic, Corinthian.
Q2: Define Ionic Order.
Ans:The Ionic Order is one of the classical orders of Greek architecture, characterized by slender columns with bases and capitals decorated with volutes (spiral scrolls).
Q3: Define Doric Order.
Ans:The Doric Order is the simplest of the classical Greek architectural styles, recognized by its sturdy, fluted columns with no base and a plain capital.
Q4: Define Corinthian Order.
Ans:The Corinthian Order is the most ornate of the classical Greek orders, featuring slender columns with elaborate capitals decorated with acanthus leaves.
Q5: What is Acanthus?
Ans:Acanthus is a type of plant whose stylized leaves are used as decorative elements in the capitals of Corinthian and Composite columns in classical architecture.
Q6: Define a Column.
Ans:A column is a vertical structural element that supports a building's weight, often cylindrical and used both for support and decoration in classical architecture.
Q7: Define Bed-and-Reel.
Ans:Bead-and-reel is a decorative motif consisting of alternating spherical and cylindrical shapes, commonly used in classical architecture on moldings.
Q8: Define Fluting.
Ans:Fluting refers to the shallow vertical grooves carved into the shaft of a column, often used to enhance its appearance and elegance.
Q9: Define Fret.
Ans:Fret is a decorative pattern consisting of continuous lines, often forming repeated right angles, commonly seen in Greek and Roman friezes.
Q10: Define Frieze.
Ans:A frieze is the middle horizontal band of the entablature in classical architecture, often decorated with sculpted reliefs.
Q11: Define Lintel.
Ans:A lintel is a horizontal architectural element placed across the top of a door, window, or opening to support the structure above it.
Q12: Differentiate between Metope and Modillion.
Ans:A metope is the square space between triglyphs in a Doric frieze, often decorated with sculpture, while a modillion is a decorative bracket used under the cornice in the Corinthian and Composite orders.
Q13: Define two types of Pediment.
Ans:The two types of pediments are triangular pediments, which are the traditional form, and segmental pediments (or curved pediments) , which are rounded in shape.
Q14: Define Tympanum.
Ans:A tympanum is the triangular or semi-circular space enclosed by a pediment, often decorated with sculpture or relief.
Q15: Which type of order is used in the famous Greek Building Parthenon?
Ans:The Parthenon uses the Doric Order in its design, although some Ionic elements are also present.
Q16: Define Peristyle.
Ans:A peristyle is a continuous row of columns surrounding a courtyard or building, commonly found in Greek and Roman architecture.
Q17: Define Pilaster.
Ans:A pilaster is a flat, rectangular column that projects slightly from a wall and serves a decorative rather than structural purpose.
Q18: Define Rosette.
Ans:A rosette is a circular decorative motif resembling a rose, commonly used in classical architecture and design.
Q19: Define Volute.
Ans:A volute is a spiral or scroll-like ornament found in the capitals of Ionic and Composite columns.
Q20: Define Gutta.
Ans:Guttae are small, conical projections typically found under the triglyphs in a Doric entablature, serving a decorative function.
Q21: Define Entablature.
Ans:An entablature is the horizontal structure supported by columns, consisting of the architrave, frieze, and cornice.
Q22: Define Echinus.
Ans:The echinus is the rounded molding below the abacus on a Doric capital, giving it a simple and sturdy look.
Q23: Define Entasis.
Ans:Entasis is the slight convex curvature in the shaft of a column, used to correct the optical illusion of concavity.
Q24: Define Abacus.
Ans:The abacus is the flat slab at the top of a column's capital, directly supporting the architrave or horizontal beam.
Q25: Define Architrave.
Ans:The architrave is the lowest part of the entablature and rests directly on top of the column capitals.
Q26: Define Anthemion.
Ans:Anthemion is a decorative floral motif featuring stylized honeysuckle or palmette designs, often used in Greek ornamentation.
Q27: Define Tryglyph.
Ans:A triglyph is a decorative element with three vertical grooves, used in the frieze of the Doric order between metopes.
Q28: Define Stylobate.
Ans:A stylobate is the uppermost platform or step on which columns stand in classical Greek architecture.