INTRODUCTION TO FUNDAMENTALS

Other Chapters

• Q1: Name the integral elements used in the creation of design.
  Ans: The integral elements used in design are:

  • ➔ Point
  • ➔ Line
  • ➔ Plane
  • ➔ Form
  • ➔ Space
  • ➔ Texture
  • ➔ Color
• Q2: Name the types of orientations.
  Ans: The properties of glass are as follows:

  • ➔ North
  • ➔ East
  • ➔ South
  • ➔ West
• Q3: Define an overhead plane.
  Ans: An overhead plane is the horizontal surface or ceiling above a space.
• Q4: Define a wall plane.
  Ans: A wall plane is a vertical surface that defines the edges of a space.
• Q5: Define a base plane.
  Ans: A base plane is the horizontal ground or floor on which people move and activities take place.
• Q6: What do you mean by volume in architecture?
  Ans: Volume in architecture means the three-dimensional space enclosed by walls, floors, and ceilings.
• Q7: What is the difference between form and shape?
  Ans: Form is a three-dimensional object, while shape is a two-dimensional outline.
• Q8: Define primary colors.
  Ans: Primary colors are basic colors that cannot be made by mixing other colors. The primary colors are red, blue, and yellow.
• Q9: Define secondary colors.
  Ans: Secondary colors are made by mixing two primary colors. The secondary colors are green (blue + yellow), orange (red + yellow), and violet/purple (red + blue).
• Q10: Define tertiary colors.
  Ans: Tertiary colors are made by mixing a primary color with a nearby secondary color. Examples: red-orange, yellow-orange, yellow-green, blue-green, blue-violet, red-violet.
• Q11: How many categories of colors are there? Name them.
  Ans: There are three categories of colors:

  • ➔ Primary
  • ➔ Secondary
  • ➔ Tertiary
• Q12: Define Cool colors.
  Ans: Cool colors are colors like blue, green, and violet that give a calm and refreshing feeling.
• Q13: Define Warm colors.
  Ans: Warm colors are colors like red, orange, and yellow that create a sense of warmth and energy.
• Q14: Write some principles of architecture.
  Ans: Some principles of architecture are:

  • ➔ Balance
  • ➔ Proportion
  • ➔ Rhythm
  • ➔ Unity
  • ➔ Contrast
  • ➔ Emphasis
  • ➔ Harmony
• Q15: Define Axis as a principle of architecture.
  Ans: Axis is an imaginary straight line that organizes spaces or elements in a design.
• Q16: Define Symmetry as a principle of architecture.
  Ans: Symmetry means arranging elements evenly on both sides of a central line.
• Q17: Define Rhythm as a principle of architecture.
  Ans: Rhythm is the repetition of elements to create a sense of movement in design.
• Q18: Name the types of Rhythm.
  Ans: The types of rhythm are:

  • ➔ Regular rhythm
  • ➔ Random rhythm
  • ➔ Graduated rhythm
• Q19: Define Graduated Rhythm.
  Ans: Graduated rhythm is created when elements repeat with gradual changes in size or spacing.
• Q20: Define Regular Rhythm.
  Ans: Regular rhythm is created when elements repeat at equal intervals.
• Q21: Define Random Rhythm.
  Ans: Random rhythm is created when elements repeat in no fixed order or pattern.
• Q22: Define Datum.
  Ans: A datum is a reference line or plane that helps organize forms or spaces.
• Q23: Define Symmetrical balance.
  Ans: Symmetrical balance occurs when both sides of a design are mirror images of each other.
• Q24: Define Asymmetrical balance.
  Ans: Asymmetrical balance occurs when different elements are arranged in a way that still feels balanced.
• Q25: What is the role of Emphasis in design?
  Ans: Emphasis highlights the most important part of a design to draw attention.
• Q26: Define Harmony as a principle of architecture.
  Ans: Harmony means creating a pleasant and unified look by using similar elements.
• Q27: Define Contrast as a principle of architecture.
  Ans: Contrast uses differences in color, shape, or size to make a design interesting.
• Q28: How is contrast related with the variety in architectural design?
  Ans: Contrast creates variety by adding differences that make a design visually appealing.
• Q29: Define Proportion as a principle of architecture.
  Ans: Proportion is the relationship between the sizes of different elements in a design.
• Q30: Define Balance as a principle of architecture.
  Ans: Balance is the distribution of visual weight so that the design feels stable.
• Q31: Define Unity as a principle of architecture.
  Ans: Unity means all parts of a design work together to create a complete whole.
• Q32: Define Movement as a principle of architecture.
  Ans: Movement guides the viewer’s eye through a design.
• Q33: Define Scale as a principle of architecture.
  Ans: Scale refers to the size of an element in relation to other elements or the human body.
• Q34: Define Hierarchy as a principle of architecture.
  Ans: Hierarchy organizes elements so that the most important ones stand out.
• Q35: Define Spaces as a principle of architecture.
  Ans: Spaces are the areas between and around forms that people use and experience.
• Q36: Name the types of spaces.
  Ans: The types of spaces are:

  • ➔ Open spaces
  • ➔ Semi-open spaces
  • ➔ Enclosed spaces
• Q37: Define Texture.
  Ans: Texture is the surface quality of a material that can be seen or felt.
• Q38: Define Smooth Texture.
  Ans: Smooth texture has an even surface that feels soft and polished.
• Q39: Define Rough Texture.
  Ans: Rough texture has an uneven surface that feels coarse or bumpy.
• Q40: Define Point.
  Ans: A point is the simplest design element showing a precise location.
• Q41: Define Line.
  Ans: A line is a continuous mark that connects two points and shows direction or movement.