Q1: Define Floor.
Ans:The horizontal surface inside a building on which people walk; it supports loads and finishes is called a Floor.
Q2: Define Ground Floor.
Ans:The lowest floor of a building that rests directly on or near the ground level is called Ground floor.
Q3: Define Suspended Floor.
Ans:A floor that is raised above the ground, supported by beams or joists, allowing air circulation below is a suspended floor.
Q4: Define Base of Floor.
Ans:The foundational layer of the floor structure that supports the floor finish; may be concrete or structural slab is called Base of the floor.
Q5: Define Under layer.
Ans:An intermediate layer placed between the base and finish, often for insulation, damp proofing, or smoothness is called an Under layer.
Q6: Define Topping of floor.
Ans:The final surface layer, such as tiles, terrazzo, or concrete finish, that provides appearance and wear resistance is called Topping of the floor.
Q7: Define Floor finish.
Ans:It is the top visible layer of a floor that provides the final appearance, texture, and protection. It can be made of materials like tiles, marble, wood, vinyl, or polished concrete, and is chosen for durability, aesthetics, and function.
Q8: Define Bedding on the floor.
Ans:A layer of mortar or sand-cement mix used to set and level tiles or stone flooring above the base is called Bedding.
Q9: Define Screed Floor.
Ans:A layer of cement-sand mix laid over the base to level the surface before laying the final floor finish is Screed floor.
Q10: Define Floor system.
Ans:A complete structural assembly including joists, beams, decking, and finishes that make up a floor is called a Floor system.
Q11: Define Floor boards.
Ans:Long wooden planks laid side by side to form a finished timber floor; common in traditional and timber houses are called Floor boards.
Q12: Define bridging joist of floors.
Ans:Secondary joists placed between main joists to prevent twisting, increase stability, and distribute load is called Bridging joist.
Q13: Define binders of floor.
Ans:Horizontal beams that support and carry the load of joists in framed timber or RCC floor systems are called Binders.
Q14: Name types of Ground Floor.
Ans:
Some of the types are:- ➔ Solid Floor: Built directly on compacted ground with concrete layers.
- ➔ Suspended Floor: Raised above ground with air space below.
- ➔ Floating Floor: Floor finish separated from structural slab, often for insulation.
- ➔ Raised Floor: Modular panels elevated for cabling or ventilation.
Q15: Define Mud floor.
Ans:Traditional flooring made from natural clay and cow dung; economical, cool in summer, but requires regular maintenance is Mud floor.
Q16: Define Brick floor.
Ans:It is a type of flooring made by laying bricks flat on a prepared base, usually in sand or mortar. It is durable, slip-resistant, and commonly used in courtyards, verandas, pathways, and sometimes indoors in rustic or traditional-style buildings.
Q17: State the construction of the Mud floor.
Ans:
The construction process is as follows:- ➔ Excavate and level ground
- ➔ Lay a base of sand or brick ballast
- ➔ Spread a mix of clay, cow dung, and water
- ➔ Compact thoroughly
- ➔ Finish with a smooth top layer and allow to dry.
Q18: Write a note on the construction of the Brick floor.
Ans:
Brick flooring is constructed by laying bricks on a prepared sub-base. The steps include:- ➔ Excavation and compaction of the ground.
- ➔ Laying a sand or lime mortar bed.
- ➔ Placing bricks in desired patterns (e.g., herringbone or stretcher bond).
- ➔ Filling joints with mortar or sand.
- ➔ Curing and cleaning the surface.
Q19: Define Tile flooring.
Ans:Tile flooring refers to a floor surface made of ceramic, porcelain, or natural stone tiles, which are fixed to the subfloor using adhesives and grouted at the joints.
Q20: Write a note on the construction of the Tile flooring.
Ans:
Tile flooring is constructed by:- ➔ Preparing a clean, level subfloor.
- ➔ Applying a suitable adhesive (mortar or glue).
- ➔ Laying tiles with uniform spacing.
- ➔ Filling joints with grout.
- ➔ Curing and sealing (if necessary).
Q21: Define Stone flooring.
Ans:Stone flooring is made using natural stones like marble, granite, slate, or sandstone, known for their durability, elegance, and long life.
Q22: Write a note on the construction of the Stone flooring.
Ans:
Stone flooring is constructed by:- ➔ Preparing a concrete or mortar bed.
- ➔ Laying stones with proper alignment and joints.
- ➔ Filling joints with cement mortar or epoxy.
- ➔ Polishing and sealing the surface.
Q23: Define Cement Concrete flooring.
Ans:Cement concrete flooring is a durable floor made by laying a mixture of cement, sand, aggregate, and water on a leveled surface, often used in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings.
Q24: Write the merits of Cement Concrete flooring.
Ans:
The merits are:- ➔ Durable and strong.
- ➔ Low maintenance.
- ➔ Fire and water-resistant.
- ➔ Economical for large areas.
- ➔ Suitable for various finishes (polished, colored, etc.).
Q25: State the construction of the non-monolithic concrete floor.
Ans:
Non-monolithic concrete flooring is constructed in layers:- ➔ First, a base concrete layer is laid and cured.
- ➔ After curing, a topping layer (often a richer concrete or screed) is applied.
- ➔ This allows for better surface finishing and control over the final level.
Q26: Enlist the construction steps of Terrazzo floor.
Ans:
Following are the steps:- ➔ Prepare and level subfloor.
- ➔ Install a base layer of concrete.
- ➔ Apply terrazzo mixture (marble chips + cement binder).
- ➔ Roll and compact the surface.
- ➔ Cure and grind to a smooth finish.
- ➔ Polish and seal the surface.
Q27: State the sustainability of Terrazzo floor.
Ans:
The sustainability of Terrazzo floor is as follows:- ➔ Long lifespan reduces material waste.
- ➔ Often made with recycled aggregates (e.g., glass, marble).
- ➔ Low maintenance and VOC emissions.
- ➔ Environmentally friendly if using green binders.
Q28: Define RCC floors.
Ans:RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) floors are constructed using concrete reinforced with steel bars, providing high strength and load-bearing capacity, commonly used in multi-story buildings.
Q29: Define Wooden flooring.
Ans:Wooden flooring is made from natural timber or engineered wood, offering aesthetic appeal, warmth, and comfort, commonly used in residential and commercial interiors.
Q30: Define Linoleum flooring.
Ans:Linoleum flooring is a resilient floor made from natural materials like linseed oil, cork dust, and wood flour, available in sheets or tiles, known for eco-friendliness and ease of maintenance.
Q31: Write the constructional steps of Linoleum flooring.
Ans:
The steps are:- ➔ Prepare the subfloor (clean and level).
- ➔ Apply adhesive.
- ➔ Lay linoleum sheets or tiles.
- ➔ Roll to remove air bubbles.
- ➔ Trim edges and seal joints.
- ➔ Allow to cure before use.
Q32: Define Rubber flooring.
Ans:Rubber flooring is a resilient floor made from natural or synthetic rubber, used in gyms, hospitals, and schools for its shock absorption and slip resistance.
Q33: Define Cork flooring.
Ans:Cork flooring is made from the bark of the cork oak tree, known for its thermal insulation, comfort underfoot, and sustainability.
Q34: Define Asphalt flooring.
Ans:Asphalt flooring is made from a mixture of bitumen and inert materials like sand, used in industrial settings for its resistance to wear, oil, and chemicals.
Q35: Define Glass flooring.
Ans:Glass flooring consists of toughened or laminated glass panels used as flooring, often for aesthetic or architectural purposes like viewing decks or decorative interiors.
Q36: Define PVC flooring.
Ans:PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) flooring is a synthetic floor made from plasticized vinyl, available in sheets, planks, or tiles, known for water resistance and affordability.
Q37: Enlist the types of suspended floor.
Ans:
Some of the types are:- ➔ Wooden suspended floors
- ➔ RCC suspended floors
- ➔ Steel joist floors
- ➔ Precast concrete floors
- ➔ Jack arch floors
Q38: Define Wooden suspended floor.
Ans:A wooden suspended floor consists of timber joists supported by walls or beams with wooden planks fixed on top, leaving a gap between the ground and floor for ventilation.
Q39: Enlist the types of wooden suspended floor.
Ans:
The types are:- ➔ Single joist floor
- ➔ Double joist floor
- ➔ Framed (or triple) joist floor
Q40: Define Jack Arch floor.
Ans:A Jack Arch floor is a type of floor consisting of brick or concrete arches spanning between steel or reinforced concrete beams, used for load-bearing and fire resistance.
Q41: Define R.B floor.
Ans:R.B. (Reinforced Brick) floor is a floor made using bricks laid with steel reinforcement and cement mortar, combining the economy of brickwork with added strength from reinforcement.
Q42: Enlist the merits of RCC floors.
Ans:
The merits are:- ➔ High load-bearing capacity
- ➔ Fire resistance
- ➔ Long lifespan
- ➔ Low maintenance
- ➔ Suitable for multi-story buildings
Q43: Define precast concrete floors.
Ans:Precast concrete floors are floor units cast and cured in a factory and then transported and assembled on-site, allowing for fast and controlled construction.
Q44: Enlist the merits of precast floor.
Ans:
The merits are:- ➔ Quick installation
- ➔ Quality control
- ➔ Reduced site labor
- ➔ Reusable formwork
- ➔ Cost-effective for large projects
Q45: Define Basement floor.
Ans:The floor of the lowest part of a building, located below ground level, usually made of reinforced concrete to resist moisture and ground pressure is called Basement floor.
Q46: Enlist components of the floor.
Ans:
Main components include:- ➔ Sub-base (earth or concrete)
- ➔ Base course (concrete slab or joists)
- ➔ Underlayer (insulation, DPM, or screed)
- ➔ Floor finish (tiles, wood, etc.)
Q47: Define Timber floor.
Ans:A floor system using wooden boards or panels over wooden joists or beams, commonly used in traditional or residential buildings is called Timber floor.
Q48: Define Terrazzo floor.
Ans:A decorative flooring made by embedding marble, granite, or glass chips into a cement or epoxy base, then polishing the surface is called Terrazzo floor.
Q49: Define Mosaic floor.
Ans:Flooring created by arranging small colored tiles or stone pieces (mosaics) in decorative patterns, set in mortar or adhesive is called Mosaic flooring.
Q50: Define a Monolithic floor.
Ans:A floor slab cast in a single, continuous pour, usually concrete, without joints or separations, providing strength and uniformity is called Monolithic floor.
Q51: Define Conglomerate floor.
Ans:A floor made using composite materials (natural stones mixed with cement or resin), cast and polished for a decorative finish is called Conglomerate floor.
Q52: Define maintenance of the floor.
Ans:Maintenance of the floor includes: Regular cleaning, sealing, repairing cracks or damage, and re-polishing (if needed) to ensure durability and appearance of the floor.
Q53: Enlist requirements of good floor finish.
Ans:
A good finish work should be:- ➔ Durable
- ➔ Smooth and level
- ➔ Slip-resistant
- ➔ Easy to clean
- ➔ Aesthetically pleasing
- ➔ Sound and thermal insulating
- ➔ Resistant to wear, moisture, and chemicals (as needed)
Q54: Define Patch work.
Ans:The process of repairing damaged or worn-out sections of a floor by removing defective parts and replacing them with matching material is called patch work.
