Q1: Define Roof.
Ans:A roof is the uppermost covering of a building that protects it from rain, sun, wind, and other weather effects.
Q2: What are the main functions of roofs?
Ans:
Some of the functions are:- ➔ Protection from weather
- ➔ Thermal insulation
- ➔ Providing shelter and privacy
- ➔ Supporting building aesthetics
Q3: To fulfill the main functions, what are the functional requirements to be satisfied by roofs in its design and constructions?
Ans:
Some of the requirements are:- ➔ Strength and stability
- ➔ Weather resistance
- ➔ Thermal insulation
- ➔ Durability and economy
Q4: Define hip roof.
Ans:A hip roof is a type of sloping roof where all sides slope downwards to the walls, usually with a gentle slope.
Q5: How are roofs generally classified?
Ans:
Following are the classification:- ➔ Flat roofs
- ➔ Sloping (pitched) roofs
- ➔ Curved/shell roofs
Q6: What are the advantages of steel roof truss over timber sloping truss?
Ans:
Following are some advantages:- ➔ Stronger and more durable
- ➔ Fire-resistant and termite-proof
- ➔ Can cover larger spans
- ➔ Requires less maintenance
Q7: Define Gabled roof.
Ans:A gabled roof has two sloping sides that meet at a ridge, forming a triangular shape at the ends (gables).
Q8: Define Ridge.
Ans:The ridge is the horizontal line at the top where two sloping roof surfaces meet.
Q9: Define Eaves.
Ans:Eaves are the lower edges of a roof that overhang beyond the wall to throw water away.
Q10: Define Valley.
Ans:A valley is the internal angle formed by the intersection of two sloping roof surfaces.
Q11: Define Purlin.
Ans:Purlins are horizontal members in a roof that support rafters and roof coverings.
Q12: Define Rise in roofs.
Ans:Rise is the vertical distance between the ridge and the wall plate of a sloping roof.
Q13: Define Sloping Roof.
Ans:Sloping (pitched) roofs have an inclination greater than 10°, used in areas with heavy rainfall or snowfall.
Q14: Define Couple cross roof.
Ans:A couple roofs with cross beams for stability, commonly used in small-span buildings.
Q15: Define Principal Rafter.
Ans:Principal rafters are the main inclined members of a truss that extend from ridge to eaves, supporting purlins.
Q16: Define Collar beam roof.
Ans:A collar beam roof is a pitched roof where horizontal collar beams are provided between pairs of rafters to resist spreading.
Q17: What are the advantages of flat roofs?
Ans:
The advantages are:- ➔ Can be used as a terrace/play area.
- ➔ Easy construction and maintenance.
- ➔ Economical for small spans.
- ➔ Useful for water tanks and solar panels.
Q18: What are the disadvantages of flat roofs?
Ans:
The disadvantages are:- ➔ Not suitable in heavy rainfall/snow areas.
- ➔ Poor drainage.
- ➔ Higher chances of leakage.
- ➔ Less durable than sloping roofs.
Q19: Define Dome.
Ans:A dome is a curved roof structure resembling a hemisphere, used to cover large circular or polygonal spaces.
Q20: What are the advantages of sloped roofs?
Ans:
The advantages are:- ➔ Durability
- ➔ Efficient Drainage
- ➔ Thermal Insulation
- ➔ Aesthetic Appeal
Q21: What are the disadvantages of sloped roofs?
Ans:
The disadvantages are:- ➔ High cost
- ➔ Complex design
- ➔ Space limitation
- ➔ Maintenance difficulty
Q22: What are the main divisions of dome structures?
Ans:
These are:- ➔ Hemispherical dome
- ➔ Segmental dome
- ➔ Pointed dome
- ➔ Onion dome
Q23: Define jack arch flat roof.
Ans:A jack arch flat roof is a type of flat roof constructed with small segmental arches of brick or concrete between steel joists.
Q24: Define shell roof.
Ans:A shell roof is a thin curved slab (usually RCC) designed to cover large areas with minimal thickness.
Q25: Define thatch covering.
Ans:Thatch covering is a roof made of straw, reeds, or palm leaves, commonly used in rural areas.
Q26: Define shingles.
Ans:Shingles are small, flat roofing units of wood, slate, asphalt, or other materials, laid in overlapping fashion.
Q27: Define tile covering.
Ans:Tile covering is a roof made of clay or concrete tiles placed in overlapping layers for weather protection.
Q28: Define Cleat.
Ans:Cleats are some blocks of wood or steel that are fixed on the principal rafters to support purlins.
Q29: Define King Post Truss.
Ans:A King Post Truss is the simplest type of truss, consisting of a central vertical post (king post), two diagonal struts, and a horizontal tie beam. It is commonly used for short spans (up to 8 meters).
Q30: Define Queen Post Truss.
Ans:A Queen Post Truss is similar to the king post but has two vertical posts (queen posts) instead of one, allowing it to span a longer distance (up to 10 meters).
Q31: Define Mansard Truss.
Ans:A Mansard Truss is a roof truss that forms a double-pitched roof with a steep lower slope and a flatter upper slope, creating extra living or storage space.
Q32: What are the advantages of Shell roofs?
Ans:
The advantages are:- ➔ Aesthetic Appeal
- ➔ Spacious
- ➔ Load bearing
- ➔ Light-weight structure
Q33: What are the disadvantages of Shell roofs?
Ans:
The disadvantages are:- ➔ Complex construction
- ➔ High cost
Q34: Name some roof covering materials.
Ans:
These are:- ➔ Shingles
- ➔ Thatch
- ➔ Tiles
- ➔ Slate
