DOORS AND WINDOWS

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• Q1: State the purpose of the door.
  Ans: A door is needed to provide:

  • ➔ Safety
  • ➔ Privacy
  • ➔ Access
  • ➔ Security
• Q2: Name the materials used for making doors.
  Ans: Following materials are used in making doors:

  • ➔ Wood
  • ➔ Steel
  • ➔ Aluminum
  • ➔ Glass
  • ➔ PVC
  • ➔ Fiberglass
• Q3: Enlist the types of moveable doors.
  Ans: Following are the types of moveable doors:

  • ➔ Hinged
  • ➔ Sliding
  • ➔ Folding
  • ➔ Revolving
• Q4: Name at least 4 wooden doors.
  Ans: These are:

  • ➔ Panel door
  • ➔ Flush door
  • ➔ Battened door
  • ➔ Louvered door
• Q5: Name 4 parts of Paneled doors.
  Ans: The 4 parts are:

  • ➔ Styles
  • ➔ Rails
  • ➔ Panels
  • ➔ Mullions
• Q6: Define Louvered doors.
  Ans: Doors with horizontal slats that allow ventilation while maintaining privacy are called Louvered doors.
• Q7: Define Sliding doors.
  Ans: Doors that move horizontally along tracks to open and close are called Sliding doors.
• Q8: Define Head and Sill of door frame.
  Ans: The head is the top horizontal part. Sill is the bottom horizontal part of the frame.
• Q9: Define Post and Style of door frame.
  Ans: Post is the vertical member fixed in the wall. Style is the vertical part of the door shutter.
• Q10: Define Rail of door frame.
  Ans: A horizontal member of the door shutter connecting the styles is called its Rail.
• Q11: Define Wire gauged doors.
  Ans: Doors fitted with wire mesh to allow air flow while preventing insect entry are called Wire gauged doors.
• Q12: Write the classification of doors according to materials.
  Ans: The classification is as follows:

  • ➔ Wooden
  • ➔ Metal
  • ➔ Glass
  • ➔ PVC
  • ➔ Fiberglass
• Q13: State the purpose of the window.
  Ans: A window is needed to provide:

  • ➔ Light
  • ➔ Ventilation
  • ➔ Outside view
  • ➔ Emergency Exit (in some cases)
• Q14: Name the materials used for making windows.
  Ans: Following materials are used in making windows:

  • ➔ Wood
  • ➔ Aluminum
  • ➔ Steel
  • ➔ PVC
  • ➔ Glass
• Q15: State the types of doors.
  Ans: Following are the types of doors:

  • ➔ Panel door
  • ➔ Flush door
  • ➔ Louvered door
  • ➔ Sliding door
  • ➔ Revolving door
  • ➔ Collapsible door
• Q16: State the types of windows.
  Ans: Following are the types of windows:

  • ➔ Bay window
  • ➔ Sliding window
  • ➔ Casement window
  • ➔ Louvered window
  • ➔ Skylight window
• Q17: Define the Skylight window.
  Ans: A window fixed in the roof to admit natural light from above is called the Skylight window.
• Q18: Define Corner window.
  Ans: A window located at the corner of a building, covering two adjoining walls is called the Corner window.
• Q19: Define the Bay window.
  Ans: A window projecting outward from the wall, creating a bay inside the room is called the Bay window.
• Q20: Name the parts of Door Frame.
  Ans: The parts are:

  • ➔ Head
  • ➔ Jambs
  • ➔ Sill
  • ➔ Horns
• Q21: Define the Louvered window.
  Ans: A window with horizontal slats (louvers) for ventilation and privacy is called the Louvered window.
• Q22: Write the advantages of Louvered windows.
  Ans: Following are some advantages:

  • ➔ Provide ventilation
  • ➔ Provide privacy
  • ➔ Provide control over light entry
• Q23: Why are horns provided in the window?
  Ans: Horns are provided to anchor the frame securely into the wall.
• Q24: Why are hold fasts provided in the window?
  Ans: Hold fasts are provided to fix the window frame firmly into the wall.
• Q25: Write the purpose of the Sash bar in the door and window?
  Ans: A sash bar is provided to hold the glass panes within the frame.
• Q26: Differentiate between Transom and Mullion used in doors and windows.
  Ans:
  Transom: A horizontal member used in doors or windows to divide the opening horizontally, often placed above the door or window and sometimes supports a fanlight.
  Mullion: A vertical member that divides adjacent panes or panels within a door or window frame, providing structural support.
• Q27: Differentiate between Jamb and Reveal in door fixing.
  Ans:
  Jamb: The vertical side of a door or window frame.
  Reveal: The part of the wall opening that is visible between the edge of the frame and the outer face of the wall.
• Q28: Differentiate between Stops and Chocks used in doors and windows.
  Ans:
  Stops: Thin wooden battens fixed to the frame to restrict the movement of the shutter beyond a certain point.
  Chocks: Wedges used to temporarily hold a door or window shutter in place during fixing.
• Q29: Differentiate between Collapsible and Rolling doors.
  Ans:
  Collapsible doors: Consist of steel channels that slide on tracks and fold at the ends.
  Rolling doors: Consist of steel or aluminum slats that roll vertically into a coil above the opening.
• Q30: Define Revolving doors.
  Ans: Revolving doors consist of three or four leaves that rotate about a central vertical axis, allowing people to enter or exit while minimizing air exchange.
• Q31: Define the Dormer window.
  Ans: A Dormer window projects vertically from a sloping roof and provides ventilation and light to attic spaces.
• Q32: Define the Gable window.
  Ans: A Gable window is placed in the gable end of a building, typically within a triangular portion of the wall under the roof.
• Q33: Define the Clerestory window.
  Ans: A Clerestory window is a high window located above eye level, often in a row, to admit light into a building.
• Q34: Compare Fanlight and Skylight.
  Ans:
  Fanlight: A small semicircular or rectangular window above a door for ventilation and light.
  Skylight: A window installed in the roof to admit natural light from above.
• Q35: Name 6 fittings of doors and windows.
  Ans: The 6 fittings are:

  • ➔ Hinges
  • ➔ Tower bolts
  • ➔ Aldrops
  • ➔ Handles
  • ➔ Stoppers
  • ➔ Latches
• Q36: Enlist types of Hinges used in doors and windows.
  Ans: The types are:

  • ➔ Butt hinges
  • ➔ Parliament hinges
  • ➔ Pin hinges
  • ➔ Strap hinges
  • ➔ Rising butt hinges
  • ➔ Spring hinges
• Q37: Differentiate between Catchers and Cleats used in doors and windows.
  Ans:
  Catchers: Fittings used to hold shutters in a closed position, often spring-loaded.
  Cleats: Simple fittings used to tie or hook open shutters or sashes.
• Q38: Differentiate between Parliamentary hinges and Rising bolt hinges.
  Ans:
  Parliamentary hinges: Allow doors or windows to open completely flat against the wall.
  Rising bolt hinges: Help in lifting the door slightly when opening, suitable for uneven floors.
• Q39: Which doors are used in shops?
  Ans: Rolling shutters and glazed sliding doors are commonly used in shops.
• Q40: Which doors are used in houses?
  Ans: Panel doors, flush doors, and glass paneled doors are typically used in houses.
• Q41: Which doors are used in bathrooms of modern residential buildings?
  Ans: PVC doors or water-resistant flush doors are used in modern bathroom areas.
• Q42: Which doors are used in dining rooms of modern residential buildings?
  Ans: Glazed panel doors or sliding glass doors are commonly used in dining rooms.
• Q43: When is a sliding door provided?
  Ans: A sliding door is provided when space-saving is essential, especially in small rooms or balconies.
• Q44: Differentiate between Aldrop and Tower bolt.
  Ans:
  Aldrop: A larger bar used to lock doors from the outside using a padlock.
  Tower bolt: A sliding bolt used to lock doors from the inside.
• Q45: Define Shutter.
  Ans: A shutter is the movable part of a door or window that opens or closes the frame.
• Q46: Define rebate.
  Ans: A rebate is a groove or recess cut into the edge of a frame or shutter to ensure a tight fit.
• Q47: Define Frieze Rail.
  Ans: A frieze rail is the horizontal member of a door located between the top rail and the lock rail, usually in panel doors.
• Q48: Which doors are used in classrooms?
  Ans: Solid core flush doors or partly glazed panel doors are used in classrooms.
• Q49: Which doors are used in hospitals?
  Ans: Sliding doors, automatic doors, and antibacterial PVC doors are used in hospitals for hygiene and accessibility.
• Q50: Which windows are used in classrooms?
  Ans: Casement windows or sliding windows with large glass panels for better ventilation and lighting.
• Q51: Which windows are used in hospitals?
  Ans: Top-hung, sliding, or pivoted windows with aluminum or uPVC frames for hygiene and easy operation.
• Q52: State the selection Criteria for Windows?
  Ans: Selection is based on:

  • ➔ Ventilation
  • ➔ Lighting needs
  • ➔ Aesthetics
  • ➔ Orientation
  • ➔ Noise control
  • ➔ Maintenance
  • ➔ Cost
  • ➔ Weather resistance
• Q53: Define Light.
  Ans: Light is the natural or artificial illumination that enables vision in spaces.
• Q54: Define Glare.
  Ans: Glare is excessive brightness or contrast in light that causes discomfort or reduces visibility.
• Q55: Define Casement Window.
  Ans: A casement window is attached to its frame by hinges on the side and opens like a door.
• Q56: Define Lantern Window.
  Ans: A lantern window is a structure with glazed sides and a roof, placed on top of a roof for natural lighting and ventilation, often in large halls.
• Q57: Define Ventilator.
  Ans: A small opening near the ceiling for air circulation is called a Ventilator.
• Q58: Define Ventilation.
  Ans: The process of supplying fresh air and removing stale air is called Ventilation.
• Q59: Define Mortice Locks.
  Ans: These are locks that fit into a pocket (called a mortice) cut into the edge of a door or drawer.
• Q60: Define Opening.
  Ans: Openings refer to intentional gaps or spaces left in walls or structures for installing doors, windows, or vents, allowing access, light, and air circulation.