TENDER AND CONTRACTS

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• Q1: Define Tender.
  Ans: A Tender is a written proposal from a contractor in which he proposes to do a certain work at certain rates.
• Q2: Define Tendering.
  Ans: The process of obtaining tenders is called Tendering.
• Q3: Write the Pre-requisite for Tenders.
  Ans: Some of the pre-requisites are:

  • ➔ Drawings & Specifications
  • ➔ Bill of Quantities
  • ➔ Administrative Approval
  • ➔ Technical Sanction
  • ➔ Acquisition of Land
• Q4: Define Administrative Approval.
  Ans: Administrative approval is the formal acceptance by the authority to proceed with a proposal or project. It grants the feasibility and financial sanction to pay the costs.
• Q5: Define Technical Sanction.
  Ans: In civil engineering, technical sanction is the approval of a detailed project estimate by a competent authority within the engineering department, confirming that the design, quantities, rates, and cost are technically correct, structurally sound, and suitable for construction.
• Q6: Define Expenditure Sanction.
  Ans: The approval by the government that it will bear the expenditure (cost) of a specific work is known as expenditure sanction.
• Q7: Define Allocation of funds.
  Ans: The term used for assigning funds at the start of each financial year for different works which are to be executed during the year is known as allocation of funds.
• Q8: Define Land Acquisition.
  Ans: Acquiring land for the execution of any project is called Land Acquisition.
• Q9: Name some Methods of Inviting Tenders.
  Ans: These are:

  • ➔ By Public Notice
  • ➔ By Private Invites
  • ➔ By Negotiation
• Q10: What is a Pre-qualification Notice?
  Ans: It is a notice by the Client explaining what they are looking for and what information contractors need to submit before the bidding process starts.
• Q11: Define Global Tenders.
  Ans: The tenders that are internationally advertised are called Global Tenders.
• Q12: What are Tender Documents?
  Ans: These are a set of formal documents issued by the client. These documents ensure all bidders have a clear and consistent understanding of the project's scope, enabling them to provide accurate, competitive, and fair bids.
• Q13: Define Specifications.
  Ans: Specifications are written documents detailing the quality of materials, required workmanship, and methods of construction for a project.
• Q14: Name some conditions of Contract.
  Ans: Some of the conditions of the contract are as follows:

  • ➔ It is a legal binding
  • ➔ Work should be done in time
  • ➔ Breaking contract will result in penalty
  • ➔ Security deposit must be made
• Q15: Define Bid.
  Ans: In construction, a bid is an offer or proposal from a bidder to the project owner or general contractor.
• Q16: Define Quotation.
  Ans: A quote is a figure that a contractor gets from a supplier for the price of materials they need for a job.
• Q17: Define Tender Notice.
  Ans: In civil engineering, a tender notice is a formal public advertisement by a client (like a government body or a private firm) inviting qualified contractors to submit bids for a construction project.
• Q18: Who prepares a Tender?
  Ans: An Engineer prepares a Tender.
• Q19: Define Comparative Statement.
  Ans: It is a document that lists and compares the itemized bids or quotes from multiple contractors or suppliers for a specific project or set of materials.
• Q20: Why do we need to obtain a Tender?
  Ans: We need to obtain a tender to ensure fair competition, value for money, and transparency in the procurement of goods and services, whether as a buyer or a supplier.
• Q21: How Tender notice is issued?
  Ans: Tender notices are issued at:

  • ➔ Public procurement databases
  • ➔ Official websites
  • ➔ Newspapers
• Q22: Write the process of Tendering.
  Ans: