Q1: Define Springs.
Ans: Springs are elastic mechanical devices used to store energy and release it when required.
They absorb shocks, maintain force between surfaces, and provide resistance to motion.
Q2: Name the types of Springs.
Ans: The types of springs are as follows:
- ➔ Helical Springs
- ➔ Torsion Springs
- ➔ Conical and Volute Springs
- ➔ Leaf or Laminated Springs
- ➔ Disc or Belleville Springs
- ➔ Special Purpose Springs
Q3: Define Helical Springs.
Ans: Helical springs are coiled springs made of round, square, or rectangular wire.
They are used to resist axial loads and provide deflection along the axis of the coil.
Q4: Define Torsion Springs.
Ans: Torsion springs are springs that work by twisting the ends of the spring.
They resist rotational or torque loads and return to their original position when released.
Q5: Define Conical and Volute Springs.
Ans: Conical springs are tapered helical springs with gradually decreasing diameter.
Volute springs are shaped like a cone but are wound from flat strip; both save space and provide variable stiffness.
Q6: Define Leaf or Laminated Springs.
Ans: Leaf springs are made of several flat plates (laminae) stacked and clamped together.
They are commonly used in vehicle suspension systems.
Q7: Define Disc or Belleville Springs.
Ans: Disc or Belleville springs are conical washers that act like springs.
They are used for high load applications in compact spaces.
Q8: Define Special Purpose Springs.
Ans: Special purpose springs are designed for specific applications such as constant force springs, torsion bar springs, and air springs.
Q9: Name the materials used for Helical Springs.
Ans: The materials used for helical springs include:
- ➔ High carbon steel
- ➔ Alloy steel
- ➔ Stainless steel
- ➔ Phosphor bronze
Q10: Define Solid length of Springs.
Ans: Solid length of a spring is the length of the spring when all coils are fully compressed and in contact with each other.
Q11: Define Free length of Springs.
Ans: Free length of a spring is the length of the spring when it is unloaded and no external force is applied.
Q12: Define Spring Index.
Ans: Spring index is the ratio of the mean diameter of the spring coil to the diameter of the wire.
Spring Index, C = D / d
Where D = Mean coil diameter, d = Wire diameter
Q13: Define Pitch of Springs.
Ans: Pitch of a spring is the distance between the centers of two consecutive coils.
Q14: State the formula of Shear stress of Springs.
Ans: The shear stress in a helical spring, τ, is given by:
τ = (8 × W × D) / (π × d3) × K
Where:
W = Load on spring
D = Mean coil diameter
d = Wire diameter
K = Wahl correction factor
Q15: State the formula of Deflection of Springs.
Ans: The deflection of a helical spring, δ, is given by:
δ = (8 × W × D3 × N) / (G × d4)
Where:
W = Load
D = Mean diameter
N = Number of active coils
G = Modulus of rigidity
d = Wire diameter
Q16: State the formula of Stiffness of Springs.
Ans: Stiffness of a spring, k, is given by:
k = W / δ
Where:
W = Load applied
δ = Deflection produced
