IRON-CARBIDE DIAGRAM

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• Q1: Define Metal.
  Ans: A metal is a material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, ductile, and conducts heat and electricity well.
• Q2: Define Alloy.
  Ans: An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements, where at least one is a metal, to improve properties like strength, hardness, or corrosion resistance.
• Q3: State four properties of metals.
  Ans: Properties of metals include:

  • ➔ High melting point
  • ➔ Good electrical and thermal conductivity
  • ➔ Malleable and ductile
  • ➔ Lustrous appearance
• Q4: Name any six metals.
  Ans: Six metals are:

  • ➔ Iron (Fe)
  • ➔ Copper (Cu)
  • ➔ Aluminum (Al)
  • ➔ Zinc (Zn)
  • ➔ Nickel (Ni)
  • ➔ Lead (Pb)
• Q5: State four properties of alloys.
  Ans: Properties of alloys include:

  • ➔ Higher strength than pure metals
  • ➔ Improved corrosion resistance
  • ➔ Better hardness and wear resistance
  • ➔ Modified melting point
• Q6: Name any six alloys.
  Ans: Six alloys are:

  • ➔ Steel (Iron + Carbon)
  • ➔ Brass (Copper + Zinc)
  • ➔ Bronze (Copper + Tin)
  • ➔ Stainless Steel (Iron + Chromium + Nickel)
  • ➔ Duralumin (Aluminum + Copper)
  • ➔ Solder (Tin + Lead)
• Q7: What is meant by B.C.C?
  Ans: B.C.C (Body-Centered Cubic) is a crystal structure where atoms are located at the corners and a single atom at the center of the cube.
• Q8: What is meant by F.C.C?
  Ans: F.C.C (Face-Centered Cubic) is a crystal structure where atoms are located at the corners and at the center of each face of the cube.
• Q9: What is meant by C.P.H?
  Ans: C.P.H (Close Packed Hexagonal) is a crystal structure where atoms are arranged in a hexagonal pattern for maximum packing efficiency.
• Q10: What is meant by The Solid Solution?
  Ans: Solid solution is a homogeneous crystalline phase where one or more elements are completely dissolved in a metal lattice.
• Q11: What is Space Lattice?
  Ans: Space lattice is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a crystalline solid, showing the repetitive pattern of the crystal.
• Q12: State the three Space Lattices of metals.
  Ans: Three common space lattices of metals:

  • ➔ Body-Centered Cubic (B.C.C)
  • ➔ Face-Centered Cubic (F.C.C)
  • ➔ Hexagonal Close Packed (C.P.H)
• Q13: What is The Crystal Structure of Metal?
  Ans: The crystal structure of metal refers to the specific arrangement of atoms in a repeating pattern within the metal lattice.
• Q14: Define Phase.
  Ans: A phase is a homogeneous portion of a material with uniform physical and chemical properties, separated by boundaries from other phases.
• Q15: Name different Phases.
  Ans: Different phases include:

  • ➔ Ferrite (α-iron)
  • ➔ Austenite (γ-iron)
  • ➔ Cementite (Fe₃C)
  • ➔ Pearlite (mixture of ferrite and cementite)
• Q16: What is Peritectic Reaction?
  Ans: Peritectic reaction is a reaction where a liquid and one solid phase combine on cooling to form a second solid phase.
• Q17: State the products of Peritectic Reaction.
  Ans: Products: A new solid phase is formed from the liquid and initial solid phase.
• Q18: What is Eutectoid Reaction?
  Ans: Eutectoid reaction is a reaction where one solid phase transforms into two new solid phases at a specific temperature and composition.
• Q19: State the products of Eutectoid Reaction.
  Ans: Products: Two solid phases are formed from a single solid phase (e.g., Austenite → Ferrite + Cementite).
• Q20: What is Eutectic Reaction?
  Ans: Eutectic reaction is a reaction where a liquid transforms into two solid phases simultaneously at a specific composition and temperature.
• Q21: State the products of Eutectic Reaction.
  Ans: Products: Two solid phases form directly from the liquid (e.g., L → α + β).
• Q22: What is Iron Carbide?
  Ans: Iron carbide (Fe₃C), also called cementite, is a hard and brittle compound of iron and carbon found in steel and cast iron.
• Q23: What is an Iron Carbide Diagram?
  Ans: The Iron Carbide Diagram (Fe-C diagram) shows phases of iron and carbon at different temperatures and compositions, used for understanding steel and cast iron behavior.
• Q24: State the importance of Iron Carbide Diagram.
  Ans: Importance:

  • ➔ Helps in heat treatment of steel
  • ➔ Shows transformation temperatures of phases
  • ➔ Guides selection of steel composition
  • ➔ Predicts microstructure of steel and cast iron
• Q25: What is Hypo Eutectoid Steel?
  Ans: Hypo Eutectoid Steel contains less carbon than the eutectoid composition (<0.8% C) and primarily forms ferrite and pearlite upon cooling.
• Q26: What is Hyper Eutectoid Steel?
  Ans: Hyper Eutectoid Steel contains more carbon than the eutectoid composition (>0.8% C) and primarily forms pearlite and cementite upon cooling.