ADJUSTIBLE MEASURING TOOLS

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• Q1: Name some adjustable Measuring Tools.
  Ans: Some adjustable measuring tools are:

  • ➔ Vernier Caliper
  • ➔ Micrometer Screw Gauge
  • ➔ Height Gauge
  • ➔ Depth Gauge
• Q2: What is a Vernier Caliper?
  Ans: A Vernier caliper is a precision measuring instrument used to measure internal, external, and depth dimensions accurately.
• Q3: What is a Vernier Caliper used for?
  Ans: It is used for:

  • ➔ Measuring external dimensions
  • ➔ Measuring internal dimensions
  • ➔ Measuring depth of holes
• Q4: State the types of Vernier Calipers.
  Ans: Types are:

  • ➔ Type A Vernier Caliper
  • ➔ Type B Vernier Caliper
  • ➔ Type C Vernier Caliper
• Q5: What is Type-A Vernier Caliper?
  Ans: Type A Vernier caliper is used for general external and internal measurements with standard jaws.
• Q6: What is Type-B Vernier Caliper?
  Ans: Type B Vernier caliper is designed with offset jaws for measuring step and special dimensions.
• Q7: What is Type-C Vernier Caliper?
  Ans: Type C Vernier caliper is used for precise depth and internal measurements with specialized design.
• Q8: Name the materials used in a Vernier Caliper.
  Ans: Materials used are:

  • ➔ Stainless steel
  • ➔ Hardened steel
  • ➔ Tool steel
• Q9: Name some parts of a Vernier Caliper.
  Ans: Parts are:

  • ➔ Main scale
  • ➔ Vernier scale
  • ➔ Fixed jaw
  • ➔ Movable jaw
  • ➔ Depth rod
  • ➔ Lock screw
• Q10: What is the working principle of a Vernier Caliper?
  Ans: It works on the principle of Vernier scale measurement.
  The difference between main scale and vernier scale readings gives high precision measurement.
• Q11: What is Zero Error in a Vernier Caliper?
  Ans: Zero error is the error when the vernier caliper does not read zero when the jaws are fully closed.
• Q12: What is the Least Count of a Vernier Caliper?
  Ans: The least count is the smallest measurement that can be read by the instrument.
  It is usually 0.02 mm.
• Q13: Write the formula to calculate the Least Count of a Vernier Caliper.
  Ans: Least Count formula is:
  
  LC = 1 MSD − 1 VSD
  
  where
  MSD = Main Scale Division
  VSD = Vernier Scale Division
• Q14: Name some precautionary measures while using a Vernier Caliper.
  Ans: Precautions are:

  • ➔ Keep instrument clean
  • ➔ Do not apply excessive force
  • ➔ Check zero error before use
  • ➔ Handle carefully to avoid damage
• Q15: How do you read a Vernier Caliper?
  Ans: Read the main scale reading first.
  Then find the vernier scale division that matches exactly.
  Add both readings to get the final measurement.
• Q16: What is a 25 Division Vernier Scale?
  Ans: A 25 division vernier scale means the vernier scale is divided into 25 equal parts to improve measurement accuracy.
• Q17: What is a Micrometer?
  Ans: A micrometer is a precision measuring instrument used to measure small dimensions very accurately, especially diameter and thickness.
• Q18: What is a Micrometer used for?
  Ans: It is used for:

  • ➔ Measuring small external dimensions
  • ➔ Measuring thickness of sheets
  • ➔ Measuring wire and rod diameters
• Q19: State the types of Micrometer.
  Ans: Types of micrometer are:

  • ➔ Outside Micrometer
  • ➔ Inside Micrometer
  • ➔ Depth Micrometer
• Q20: Name the materials used in a Micrometer.
  Ans: Materials used are:

  • ➔ Hardened steel
  • ➔ Alloy steel
  • ➔ Carbide tips (measuring faces)
• Q21: Name some parts of a Micrometer.
  Ans: Parts are:

  • ➔ Frame
  • ➔ Anvil
  • ➔ Spindle
  • ➔ Sleeve (barrel)
  • ➔ Thimble
  • ➔ Ratchet stop
• Q22: What is the working principle of a Micrometer?
  Ans: It works on the principle of screw and nut mechanism.
  Rotational movement of the screw is converted into linear movement to measure small dimensions accurately.
• Q23: What is Zero Error in a Micrometer?
  Ans: Zero error is the error that occurs when the micrometer does not read zero when fully closed.
• Q24: What is the Least Count of a Micrometer?
  Ans: The least count of a micrometer is usually 0.01 mm.
• Q25: Write the formula to calculate the Least Count of a Micrometer.
  Ans: Least Count formula is:
  
  LC = Pitch of screw / Number of divisions on circular scale
• Q26: Name some precautionary measures while using a Micrometer.
  Ans: Precautions are:

  • ➔ Do not apply excessive force
  • ➔ Clean measuring surfaces before use
  • ➔ Check zero error before measurement
  • ➔ Handle carefully to avoid damage
• Q27: What is an Inch Based Micrometer?
  Ans: An inch based micrometer is a micrometer in which measurements are taken in inches using an inch scale system.
• Q28: What is a Metric Micrometer?
  Ans: A metric micrometer is a micrometer that measures dimensions in millimeters using the metric system.
• Q29: How do you read a Micrometer?
  Ans: Read the sleeve (main scale) first.
  Then read the thimble scale.
  Add both readings to get the final measurement.
• Q30: What is a Vernier Micrometer (Inch System)?
  Ans: A vernier micrometer (inch system) is a micrometer fitted with a vernier scale to improve accuracy in inch-based measurements.
• Q31: What is a Vernier Micrometer (Metric System)?
  Ans: A vernier micrometer (metric system) is a micrometer with a vernier scale used to increase precision in millimeter measurements.
• Q32: Why is a Micrometer better than a Vernier Caliper?
  Ans: A micrometer is better because:

  • ➔ Higher accuracy
  • ➔ Smaller least count
  • ➔ Better for precise measurements
• Q33: Compare a Micrometer and a Vernier Caliper.
  Ans: Comparison:

  • ➔ Micrometer: Higher accuracy, Vernier Caliper: Moderate accuracy
  • ➔ Micrometer: Small range, Vernier Caliper: Larger range
  • ➔ Micrometer: Used for precise work, Vernier Caliper: General purpose
• Q34: What is a Dial Indicator?
  Ans: A dial indicator is a precision measuring instrument used to measure small linear displacements and deviations.
• Q35: What are the uses of Dial Indicator?
  Ans: Uses are:

  • ➔ Checking flatness
  • ➔ Measuring runout
  • ➔ Alignment checking
  • ➔ Inspection of machine parts
• Q36: What is the working principle of a Dial Indicator?
  Ans: It works on the gear and rack mechanism.
  Linear motion is converted into circular motion to show reading on the dial.
• Q37: Name some parts of a Dial Indicator.
  Ans: Parts are:

  • ➔ Dial face
  • ➔ Pointer
  • ➔ Plunger
  • ➔ Rack and pinion system
  • ➔ Bezel
• Q38: State some advantages of a Dial Indicator.
  Ans: Advantages are:

  • ➔ High sensitivity
  • ➔ Easy to read
  • ➔ Accurate for small deviations
  • ➔ Useful in alignment work
• Q39: State some precautionary measures while using a Dial Indicator.
  Ans: Precautions are:

  • ➔ Handle carefully
  • ➔ Avoid shock and vibration
  • ➔ Check zero setting before use
  • ➔ Keep clean and dust-free
• Q40: How do you hold a Dial Indicator?
  Ans: A dial indicator is held using a magnetic stand or fixture to ensure stable and accurate measurement.
• Q41: How do you read a Dial Indicator?
  Ans: Observe the movement of the pointer on the dial.
  Each division represents a fixed value.
  Multiply divisions by least count to get final reading.
• Q42: What is the Least Count of a Dial Indicator?
  Ans: The least count of a dial indicator is usually 0.01 mm.