GREEK ARCHITECTURE

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• Q1: Write the names of Greek Order.
  Ans: The names of the three main Greek architectural orders are: Doric, Ionic, Corinthian.
• Q2: Define Ionic Order.
  Ans: The Ionic Order is one of the classical orders of Greek architecture, characterized by slender columns with bases and capitals decorated with volutes (spiral scrolls).
• Q3: Define Doric Order.
  Ans: The Doric Order is the simplest of the classical Greek architectural styles, recognized by its sturdy, fluted columns with no base and a plain capital.
• Q4: Define Corinthian Order.
  Ans: The Corinthian Order is the most ornate of the classical Greek orders, featuring slender columns with elaborate capitals decorated with acanthus leaves.
• Q5: What is Acanthus?
  Ans: Acanthus is a type of plant whose stylized leaves are used as decorative elements in the capitals of Corinthian and Composite columns in classical architecture.
• Q6: Define a Column.
  Ans: A column is a vertical structural element that supports a building's weight, often cylindrical and used both for support and decoration in classical architecture.
• Q7: Define Bed-and-Reel.
  Ans: Bead-and-reel is a decorative motif consisting of alternating spherical and cylindrical shapes, commonly used in classical architecture on moldings.
• Q8: Define Fluting.
  Ans: Fluting refers to the shallow vertical grooves carved into the shaft of a column, often used to enhance its appearance and elegance.
• Q9: Define Fret.
  Ans: Fret is a decorative pattern consisting of continuous lines, often forming repeated right angles, commonly seen in Greek and Roman friezes.
• Q10: Define Frieze.
  Ans: A frieze is the middle horizontal band of the entablature in classical architecture, often decorated with sculpted reliefs.
• Q11: Define Lintel.
  Ans: A lintel is a horizontal architectural element placed across the top of a door, window, or opening to support the structure above it.
• Q12: Differentiate between Metope and Modillion.
  Ans: A metope is the square space between triglyphs in a Doric frieze, often decorated with sculpture, while a modillion is a decorative bracket used under the cornice in the Corinthian and Composite orders.
• Q13: Define two types of Pediment.
  Ans: The two types of pediments are triangular pediments, which are the traditional form, and segmental pediments (or curved pediments) , which are rounded in shape.
• Q14: Define Tympanum.
  Ans: A tympanum is the triangular or semi-circular space enclosed by a pediment, often decorated with sculpture or relief.
• Q15: Which type of order is used in the famous Greek Building Parthenon?
  Ans: The Parthenon uses the Doric Order in its design, although some Ionic elements are also present.
• Q16: Define Peristyle.
  Ans: A peristyle is a continuous row of columns surrounding a courtyard or building, commonly found in Greek and Roman architecture.
• Q17: Define Pilaster.
  Ans: A pilaster is a flat, rectangular column that projects slightly from a wall and serves a decorative rather than structural purpose.
• Q18: Define Rosette.
  Ans: A rosette is a circular decorative motif resembling a rose, commonly used in classical architecture and design.
• Q19: Define Volute.
  Ans: A volute is a spiral or scroll-like ornament found in the capitals of Ionic and Composite columns.
• Q20: Define Gutta.
  Ans: Guttae are small, conical projections typically found under the triglyphs in a Doric entablature, serving a decorative function.
• Q21: Define Entablature.
  Ans: An entablature is the horizontal structure supported by columns, consisting of the architrave, frieze, and cornice.
• Q22: Define Echinus.
  Ans: The echinus is the rounded molding below the abacus on a Doric capital, giving it a simple and sturdy look.
• Q23: Define Entasis.
  Ans: Entasis is the slight convex curvature in the shaft of a column, used to correct the optical illusion of concavity.
• Q24: Define Abacus.
  Ans: The abacus is the flat slab at the top of a column's capital, directly supporting the architrave or horizontal beam.
• Q25: Define Architrave.
  Ans: The architrave is the lowest part of the entablature and rests directly on top of the column capitals.
• Q26: Define Anthemion.
  Ans: Anthemion is a decorative floral motif featuring stylized honeysuckle or palmette designs, often used in Greek ornamentation.
• Q27: Define Tryglyph.
  Ans: A triglyph is a decorative element with three vertical grooves, used in the frieze of the Doric order between metopes.
• Q28: Define Stylobate.
  Ans: A stylobate is the uppermost platform or step on which columns stand in classical Greek architecture.