CHAPTER-7

MODERNISM AND POST MODERNISM

• Q1: What is Modern Architecture?
  Ans:Modern Architecture is a style that began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It focuses on simplicity, function, and the use of new materials like steel, glass, and concrete. It avoids unnecessary decoration.
• Q2: Name any 4 architects of the Modern period.
  Ans:

  • ➔ Le Corbusier
  • ➔ Frank Lloyd Wright
  • ➔ Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
  • ➔ Walter Gropius
• Q3: Name any 6 buildings from the Modern period.
  Ans:

  • ➔ Villa Savoye – Le Corbusier
  • ➔ Fallingwater – Frank Lloyd Wright
  • ➔ Seagram Building – Mies van der Rohe
  • ➔ Bauhaus Building – Walter Gropius
  • ➔ Chandigarh Capitol Complex – Le Corbusier
  • ➔ Farnsworth House – Mies van der Rohe
• Q4: Name different principles of Modern Architecture.
  Ans:

  • ➔ Form follows function
  • ➔ Simplicity in design
  • ➔ Use of modern materials (glass, steel, concrete)
  • ➔ Open floor plans
  • ➔ No unnecessary decoration
• Q5: Write down the work of Frank Lloyd Wright.
  Ans:Frank Lloyd Wright was a famous American architect known for designing buildings that blended with nature. His most famous work is Fallingwater, a house built over a waterfall. He also introduced the idea of Organic Architecture.
• Q6: Describe the birth of Post Modern Architecture.
  Ans:Post Modern Architecture began in the late 1960s as a reaction to the plain and simple designs of Modernism. It brought back decoration, color, and historical styles to make buildings more interesting and human-friendly.
• Q7: Define Industrialization.
  Ans:Industrialization is the process where a country changes from mainly farming to manufacturing goods using machines and factories. It had a big impact on architecture by introducing new building materials and construction methods.
• Q8: What is International Style?
  Ans:The International Style is a type of Modern Architecture that became popular worldwide. It features flat roofs, glass walls, steel structures, and simple, box-like shapes without decoration.
• Q9: What type of materials are used by modern architects?
  Ans:

  • ➔ Steel
  • ➔ Reinforced concrete
  • ➔ Glass
  • ➔ Iron
  • ➔ Aluminum
• Q10: What do you mean by Mannerism?
  Ans:Mannerism was a style that came after the Renaissance. In architecture, it means using traditional elements in unusual ways, often with exaggeration or playfulness.
• Q11: What are the characteristics of Modern Architecture?
  Ans:

  • ➔ Minimal decoration
  • ➔ Use of modern materials
  • ➔ Functional design
  • ➔ Large windows
  • ➔ Open floor plans
  • ➔ Simple, clean shapes
• Q12: What are the Architectural characteristics of Post Modern Architecture?
  Ans:

  • ➔ Use of decoration and color
  • ➔ Mixing of old and new styles
  • ➔ Playful shapes and forms
  • ➔ Focus on meaning and symbolism
  • ➔ Often more complex and personal
• Q13: Enlist the five points of Architecture by Le Corbusier.
  Ans:

  • ➔ Pilotis (columns to lift the building)
  • ➔ Flat roof terrace
  • ➔ Open floor plan
  • ➔ Horizontal windows
  • ➔ Free design of the façade
• Q14: What is the architectural difference between Islamabad and Chandigarh?
  Ans:

  Islamabad was designed by Constantinos Doxiadis with a focus on natural landscape and grid planning.

  Chandigarh was designed by Le Corbusier, using modernist ideas like sectors, open spaces, and monumental buildings.

• Q15: Enlist 4 projects of Le Corbusier.
  Ans:

  • ➔ Villa Savoye (France)
  • ➔ Chandigarh City (India)
  • ➔ Unite d’Habitation (France)
  • ➔ Notre Dame du Haut (France)
• Q16: What do you know about the Urban planning of Le Corbusier?
  Ans:Le Corbusier believed cities should be well-planned with open spaces, wide roads, and separate zones for living, working, and recreation. He applied these ideas in designing Chandigarh.
• Q17: Enlist the works of Mies Van de Roh.
  Ans:

  • ➔ Seagram Building (New York)
  • ➔ Farnsworth House (USA)
  • ➔ Barcelona Pavilion (Spain)
  • ➔ Crown Hall, IIT (Chicago)
• Q18: What is Organic Architecture?
  Ans:Organic Architecture is a style where buildings are designed to match and blend with nature. Frank Lloyd Wright was the main architect who introduced this idea.
• Q19: Name some Post Modern Architects.
  Ans:

  • ➔ Robert Venturi
  • ➔ Michael Graves
  • ➔ Philip Johnson
  • ➔ Charles Moore
• Q20: What do you know about SkyScrapper?
  Ans:A skyscraper is a tall building with many floors, usually found in big cities. It is made using steel frames and glass, and is designed to save space in crowded areas.
• Q21: What are the aims of Post Modernism?
  Ans:

  • ➔ To bring back decoration and style
  • ➔ To mix old and new ideas
  • ➔ To make architecture more fun and expressive
  • ➔ To respond toemotions of people and culture