Q1: Define column.
Ans:A column is a vertical structural member designed to support compressive loads, transferring the weight from beams or slabs to the foundation.
Q2: What is the function of column?
Ans:the primary function of column is to transfer the load of slab and beam to the footing. A column resists compressive forces.
Q3: What is axially loaded column?
Ans:An axially loaded column is the column in which all loads(forces) are acting at the centroid of the column.
Q4: Define slender column.
Ans:A slender column is a column where the diameter is thin compared to the height and it fails by buckling.
Q5: What is meant by lateral ties?
Ans:Lateral ties are small-diameter steel bars used in reinforced concrete columns to hold the main longitudinal reinforcement in position and prevent buckling.
Q6: Define longitudinal bars.
Ans:Longitudinal bars are the main reinforcement bars placed along the length of structural members like columns and beams to resist axial and bending stresses.
Q7: Define helical ties.
Ans:Helical ties are spiral-shaped reinforcement bars wound around the longitudinal bars in circular columns to provide confinement and increase ductility.
Q8: Define pitch of lateral ties.
Ans:The pitch of lateral ties is the center-to-center distance between two consecutive lateral or transverse ties in a reinforced concrete column.
Q9: What is slenderness ratio?
Ans:Slenderness ratio is the ratio of the effective length of a column to its least radius of gyration.
Q10: Define short column.
Ans:A short column is one that fails mainly due to direct compression. It has a slenderness ratio less than 80 or its height is less than 10 times its least lateral dimension.
Q11: Define long column.
Ans:A long column is one that fails mainly due to bending. It has a slenderness ratio greater than 80 or its height is more than 30 times its least lateral dimension.
Q12: What is footing?
Ans:Footing is the lowest part of a structure that distributes the load from columns or walls to the ground.
Q13: What is the function of footing?
Ans:The function of footing is to safely transfer the load of the structure to the soil, preventing excessive settlement or failure.
Q14: Write the formula to calculate depth of footing.
Ans:The depth of footing (D) can be calculated using the formula: NOTE:
Q15: Define stirrups.
Ans:Stirrups are closed-loop steel bars used in reinforced concrete beams and columns to hold the main reinforcement in place and to resist shear and torsional forces.
Q16: What should be the bending angle of stirrups?
Ans:The bending angle of stirrup should be 1350.
Q17: Define ties.
Ans:Ties are tensile members used in reinforced concrete and steel structures to resist pulling forces and hold structural elements in position, commonly used in columns to confine reinforcement.
Q18: Define struts.
Ans:Struts are compressive members used in trusses and other structural systems to resist axial compression and transfer loads to supports.
