Q1: Define surveying.
Ans:Surveying is the art of determining the relative positions of different objects on the surface of the earth by measuring the horizontal distances between them, and by preparing a map to any suitable scale.
Q2: What is levelling?
Ans:Levelling is the art of determining the relative vertical distances of different points on the surface of the earth. Therefore, in levelling, the measurements are taken only in the vertical plane.
Q3: What is the difference between surveying and levelling?
Ans:Surveying deals with measuring horizontal distances and preparing maps, whereas levelling focuses on measuring vertical distances or heights.
Q4: Define plane survey.
Ans:Plane surveying assumes the earth's surface is flat and does not consider its curvature. It is carried out over small areas, usually less than 250 km2.
Q5: What is geodetic survey?
Ans:Geodetic surveying considers the curvature of the earth and is conducted over large areas exceeding 250 km2. The measurements involve spherical angles.
Q6: What is topographical survey?
Ans:The surveying which is done to determine the natural features of a country.
Q7: Define Geological surveying.
Ans:The surveying which is conducted to determine different strata in the earth’s crust.
Q8: What is Mine surveying?
Ans:The survey for exploring minerals, gold, and coal.
Q9: What do you mean by Archeological surveying?
Ans:A survey in which information is collected from archaeological sites for research.
Q10: Define Marine surveying.
Ans:A survey to inspect marine vessels to assess, monitor, and report on their condition.
Q11: What is Astronomical surveying?
Ans:A survey of a general map or image of the sky of a region for specific observational targets.
Q12: Define military surveying.
Ans:A survey to prepare a military map showing road and railway communications and strategic points important for the defense of a country.
Q13: Define Cadastral surveying.
Ans:A survey conducted to determine the boundaries of fields, estates, houses, etc.
Q14: What is city surveying?
Ans:The surveying which is carried out to locate the premises, streets, water supply, and sanitary systems.
Q15: Define engineering survey.
Ans:The surveying which is done to prepare detailed drawings of projects involving roads, railways, etc.
Q16: Define plain scale.
Ans:A plain scale represents two units of measurement, such as kilometers and meters.
Q17: Define diagonal scale.
Ans:A diagonal scale is used to measure three units and provides greater accuracy than a plain scale.
Q18: What do you mean by vernier scale?
Ans:A vernier scale allows more precise readings of measurements on an instrument.
Q19: Define graphical scale.
Ans:A graphical scale on a map or plan is the visual representation of the scale with which the map or plan was created.
Q20: What is the difference between triangulation and traversing?
Ans:Triangulation divides an area into triangles for measurement, while traversing follows a path measuring distances between points.
Q21: Where is graphical scale used?
Ans:It is used in maps, charts, and engineering drawings to show scale visually.