Q1: Define vernier?
Ans:A vernier is a small movable graduated scale for obtaining fractional parts of subdivisions on a fixed main scale of any measuring instrument. It is used for precise measurements of internal and external distances.
Q2: Define direct vernier.
Ans:A direct vernier is a type of vernier where the scale divisions are shorter than the main scale divisions. Both scales are graduated in the same direction.
Q3: Name parts of vernier.
Ans:
The main parts of a vernier are:- ➔ Main Scale
- ➔ Vernier Scale
- ➔ Thumbscrew
- ➔ Lock Screw
- ➔ Depth Rod
- ➔ Upper Jaws
- ➔ Lower Jaws
Q4: What are types of Vernier w.r.t accuracy?
Ans:
Types of Vernier according to accuracy:- ➔ Type A Vernier
- ➔ Type B Vernier
- ➔ Type C Vernier
Q5: What are types of Vernier w.r.t scale divisions?
Ans:
Types of Vernier according to scale divisions:- ➔ Direct Vernier
- ➔ Retrograde Vernier
- ➔ Double Vernier
Q6: Define least count?
Ans:Least count is the smallest value that can be measured by a vernier scale. It is the difference between one main scale division and one vernier scale division.
Q7: Define retrograde Vernier?
Ans:A retrograde vernier is a type where the vernier scale divisions are longer than the main scale divisions and are marked in the opposite direction.
Q8: Define type A and B Vernier?
Ans:
- ➔ Type A: Has one scale on the front and jaws on both sides.
- ➔ Type B: Has one scale on the front and jaws only on one side.
Q9: State principle of Vernier.
Ans:The principle of the vernier is based on alignment of line segments. The vernier scale aligns with the main scale at a certain point, allowing more accurate readings.
Q10: What is difference between lower and main jaw?
Ans:
- ➔ Lower jaws: Used for external measurements.
- ➔ Upper jaws: Used for internal measurements.
Q11: What is purpose of depth rod?
Ans:The depth rod is used to measure the depth of holes or steps.
Q12: Write two precautions while using Vernier.
Ans:
- ➔ Ensure the vernier scale and main scale are clean before taking measurements.
- ➔ Avoid parallax error by keeping the eye directly above the scale.
Q13: What are the causes of error in reading Vernier?
Ans:Errors can occur due to improper alignment, parallax errors, or mechanical defects in the instrument.
Q14: Define double Vernier.
Ans:A double vernier has two simple verniers placed end-to-end to allow readings in both clockwise and anticlockwise directions.
Q15: What is digital Vernier?
Ans:A digital vernier is an advanced version of a vernier caliper that displays readings digitally for higher accuracy.
Q16: Define zero error.
Ans:Zero error occurs when the zero mark of the vernier scale does not align with the zero mark of the main scale.
Q17: What are types of zero error?
Ans:
- ➔ Positive zero error: When the vernier zero is ahead of the main scale zero.
- ➔ Negative zero error: When the vernier zero is behind the main scale zero.
Q18: Define Positive Zero Error.
Ans:Positive zero error: When the vernier zero is ahead of the main scale zero.
Q19: Define Negative Zero Error.
Ans: Negative zero error: When the vernier zero is behind the main scale zero.
Q20: What is the Main scale?
Ans:Main Scale is the fixed scale that is graduated in standard units.
Q21: What is the Vernier scale?
Ans:Vernier Scale is a movable scale attached to the main scale to measure finer increments.
Q22: What is the purpose of lock screw?
Ans:The lock screw is used to fix the position of the jaws once the object is measured, preventing movement while taking readings.
Q23: What is the purpose of thumb screw?
Ans:The thumb screw is used to adjust the position of the jaws smoothly for precise measurements.