Q1: Define Environment.
Ans:The environment refers to the surroundings or conditions in which an organism lives or operates. It includes both living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components.
Q2: Define Environmental Science.
Ans:Environmental Science is the study of the environment and the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components. It involves understanding how humans impact the environment and how to protect natural resources.
Q3: What are the elements of the Environment?
Ans:
The elements of the environment can be broadly classified as:- ➔ Biotic elements: Living things such as plants, animals, and microorganisms.
- ➔ Abiotic elements: Non-living things such as air, water, soil, and climate.
Q4: Define Biotic.
Ans:Biotic refers to living components of the environment, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms.
Q5: Define Abiotic.
Ans:Abiotic refers to non-living components of the environment, such as water, air, sunlight, and minerals.
Q6: Define a Biotic environment.
Ans:A biotic environment consists of all the living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, that interact with each other within a specific area.
Q7: Define an Abiotic environment.
Ans:An abiotic environment consists of the non-living physical and chemical elements, such as soil, air, water, and climate, that influence the living organisms in an area.
Q8: What are the parts of the Environment?
Ans:The environment is made up of both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components, which interact to form ecosystems.
Q9: Define atmosphere.
Ans:The atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding the Earth, including oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide, which is essential for life.
Q10: Define Lithosphere.
Ans:The lithosphere is the solid outer layer of the Earth, including the crust and upper mantle, which forms the land on which we live.
Q11: Define Hydrosphere.
Ans:The hydrosphere is the component of Earth that includes all water sources, such as oceans, lakes, rivers, and groundwater.
Q12: Define Biosphere.
Ans:The biosphere is the part of the Earth where life exists, encompassing all living organisms on land, in the water, and in the air.
Q13: Define Ecology.
Ans:Ecology is the branch of biology that studies the interactions between organisms and their environment, including how they affect and are affected by each other.
Q14: What are the types of the Environment?
Ans:
The environment can be divided into various types:- ➔ Natural Environment: Includes natural features such as forests, rivers, oceans, and mountains.
- ➔ Manmade Environment: Refers to the human-made surroundings like cities, roads, buildings, and technology.
- ➔ Social Environment: Involves the social, cultural, and economic conditions that affect individuals and communities.
Q15: Define the Natural environment.
Ans:The natural environment includes all living and non-living things occurring naturally, without human influence, such as forests, rivers, and wildlife.
Q16: Define the Manmade environment.
Ans:The man-made environment includes all the modifications to the natural environment made by humans, such as cities, buildings, transportation systems, and other infrastructure.
Q17: Define the Social environment.
Ans:The social environment refers to the societal influences and conditions that impact individuals, such as culture, social norms, institutions, and relationships.
Q18: Define the Rural environment.
Ans:The rural environment is characterized by open spaces, agricultural land, low population density, and fewer buildings compared to urban areas.
Q19: Define the Urban environment.
Ans:The urban environment refers to areas with high population density, buildings, roads, and infrastructure, often including cities and towns.
Q20: On which factors do social environments depend on?
Ans:
The social environment depends on several factors:- ➔ Culture and traditions
- ➔ Economic conditions
- ➔ Social relationships
- ➔ Educational and institutional systems
Q21: What are the types of the Manmade Environment?
Ans:
The types are:- ➔ Urban Environment - Cities and towns with infrastructure.
- ➔ Rural Environment - Low-population areas, mostly agricultural.
- ➔ Industrial Environment - Factories and industrial zones.
- ➔ Transport Environment - Roads, railways, airports.
- ➔ Recreational Environment - Parks and leisure areas.
- ➔ Built Environment - All human-made structures and infrastructure.
Q22: What are the types of the Natural Environment?
Ans:
The types are:- ➔ Terrestrial Environment - Land ecosystems like forests and deserts.
- ➔ Aquatic Environment - Water-based ecosystems like oceans and rivers.
- ➔ Forest Environment - Forested areas with rich biodiversity.
- ➔ Desert Environment - Dry, low-rainfall areas.
- ➔ Mountain Environment - High-altitude ecosystems.
- ➔ Wetland Environment - Swamps and marshes.
- ➔ Coastal Environment - Beaches, estuaries, and coral reefs.
Q23: What is meant by Social Aspects?
Ans:Social aspects involve the societal, cultural, and economic conditions that influence individuals and groups within a community.
Q24: What is meant by Economical Aspects?
Ans:Economic aspects involve factors related to resources, financial systems, wealth distribution, and how economic conditions affect society and the environment.
Q25: What is meant by Aesthetics Aspects?
Ans:Aesthetic aspects are concerned with beauty, design, and the visual appeal of objects or environments, affecting how people perceive and interact with them.
Q26: What is meant by Ecological Aspects?
Ans:Ecological aspects refer to the relationships between living organisms and their environment, including how human activities impact ecosystems and biodiversity.
Q27: Define Interior finishing.
Ans:Interior finishing refers to the materials and processes used to complete the interior surfaces of a building, such as painting, tiling, flooring, and installing furniture.
Q28: Define Exterior finishing.
Ans:Exterior finishing refers to the materials and techniques used to complete the outer surface of a building, such as siding, painting, roofing, and landscaping.
Q29: What is the percentage of Oxygen in the Atmosphere?
Ans:The percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere is about 21%.
Q30: Define Exosphere.
Ans:The exosphere is the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere, where atmospheric particles are so far apart that they can escape into space.
Q31: Define Troposphere.
Ans:The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, where weather events occur and where most of the Earth's air is found.
Q32: Define Mesosphere.
Ans:The mesosphere is the third layer of Earth's atmosphere, located above the stratosphere, where temperatures decrease and meteors burn up.
Q33: Define Stratosphere.
Ans:The stratosphere is the second layer of Earth's atmosphere, located above the troposphere, and contains the ozone layer that protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation.