WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE

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• Q1: Define Water Supply.
  Ans: Water supply is the process of providing water to meet the needs of a community, building, or system for drinking, sanitation, irrigation, and other uses.
• Q2: Why is Water Supply necessary?
  Ans: Water supply is necessary to ensure access to clean, safe water for drinking, hygiene, cooking, and maintaining health.
• Q3: Write the methods of domestic water supply.
  Ans: The methods are:

  • ➔ Direct supply from a public water system.
  • ➔ Borewells and tubewells.
  • ➔ Rainwater harvesting.
  • ➔ Storage tanks (overhead or underground).
• Q4: What are the different layouts for water supply?
  Ans: Common layouts include:

  • ➔ Radial layout.
  • ➔ Ring or circular layout.
  • ➔ Grid system layout.
• Q5: Define Ring or Circular distribution method.
  Ans: In this method, water is distributed through a network of pipes arranged in a circular pattern, ensuring uniform pressure and easy maintenance.
• Q6: Define UGWT.
  Ans: A tank located underground to store water, often used for rainwater harvesting or as a backup water supply is called UGWT (Under Ground Water Tank).
• Q7: Define OHWT.
  Ans: A water tank placed above the ground level to provide water pressure through gravity flow is called OHWT (Over Head Water Tank).
• Q8: Define a Valve.
  Ans: A valve is a device used to control the flow of water or other fluids through pipes by opening, closing, or partially obstructing the passage.
• Q9: What are reservoirs?
  Ans: Reservoirs are large storage tanks or artificial lakes used to store water for supply and distribution.
• Q10: Name some plumbing equipment for water supply.
  Ans: Some of the plumbing equipment are:

  • ➔ Pipes (PVC, copper, GI, etc.)
  • ➔ Faucets and taps
  • ➔ Valves (ball valves, gate valves)
  • ➔ Pressure tanks
  • ➔ Water meters
• Q11: Name different types of valves.
  Ans: Different types of valves are:

  • ➔ Gate valve
  • ➔ Globe valve
  • ➔ Ball valve
  • ➔ Check valve
  • ➔ Butterfly valve
• Q12: What is the purpose of a valve?
  Ans: Valves regulate, control, or stop the flow of water within a piping system.
• Q13: Differentiate between globe and gate.
  Ans:
  Globe valve: Used for regulating the flow of water and is better for throttling.
  Gate valve: Mainly used to fully open or close the water flow and is not suitable for throttling.
• Q14: Differentiate between reducer and union.
  Ans:
  Reducer: A fitting used to connect pipes of different diameters.
  Union: A fitting that allows two pipes to be easily connected and disconnected for maintenance.
• Q15: Differentiate between cross and tee.
  Ans:
  Cross: A fitting with four openings, used to connect four pipes at right angles.
  Tee: A fitting with three openings, used to connect pipes in a T shape.
• Q16: Enlist different pipes used in water supply.
  Ans: The different pipes are:

  • ➔ PVC pipes
  • ➔ Copper pipes
  • ➔ GI (Galvanized Iron) pipes
  • ➔ HDPE pipes
  • ➔ CPVC pipes
• Q17: What is continuous water supply?
  Ans: Continuous water supply means water is provided at all times without interruptions.
• Q18: What is intermittent water supply?
  Ans: Intermittent water supply refers to water being supplied at certain times or intervals, with periods of no supply.
• Q19: Define drainage.
  Ans: Drainage refers to the system of removing excess water from an area, especially wastewater, from homes and buildings.
• Q20: Why is drainage necessary?
  Ans: Drainage is essential to prevent waterlogging, flooding, and to maintain hygiene by directing wastewater away from living spaces.
• Q21: Differentiate between drain and house sewer.
  Ans:
  Drain: A pipe that carries wastewater from various sources like sinks, showers, or rainwater.
  House sewer: A larger pipe that carries wastewater from the house to the main sewage system.
• Q22: Enlist different pipes used in drainage systems.
  Ans: Different pipes are:

  • ➔ PVC pipes
  • ➔ RCC pipes
  • ➔ Clay pipes
  • ➔ CI (Cast Iron) pipes
  • ➔ HDPE pipes
• Q23: Write the ways of disposal of an effluent.
  Ans: The ways of disposal are:

  • ➔ Sewage treatment plants
  • ➔ Septic tanks
  • ➔ Recycling systems
  • ➔ Soakage pits
  • ➔ Sub-surface irrigation
• Q24: Define Septic Tank.
  Ans: A septic tank is an underground chamber used for the treatment and disposal of domestic wastewater by using natural processes of filtration and sedimentation.
• Q25: Define Soakage Pit.
  Ans: A soakage pit is a type of drainage system where wastewater is allowed to seep into the ground after filtration, helping to dispose of excess water.
• Q26: Define Manhole.
  Ans: A manhole is a covered opening in the ground that allows access to underground utilities like sewers or drainage systems for inspection or maintenance.
• Q27: Define Distribution box.
  Ans: A distribution box is a chamber used in septic systems to evenly distribute wastewater from the tank to drain fields or soakage pits.
• Q28: Define Vent Pipe/ Vent Stack.
  Ans: A vent pipe is used in plumbing systems to allow air into the system to prevent vacuum formation, ensuring smooth water flow and preventing odor.
• Q29: Define Rain water pipe.
  Ans: A rainwater pipe, often referred to as a downspout, is used to carry rainwater from the roof to the ground or drainage system.
• Q30: Write the importance of slope in drainage.
  Ans: The slope in drainage systems is essential to ensure the smooth flow of wastewater by gravity, preventing blockages and ensuring effective drainage.
• Q31: Write a few advantages of a soakage pit.
  Ans: A few advantages are:

  • ➔ Reduces the risk of waterlogging.
  • ➔ Helps in the filtration and natural treatment of wastewater.
  • ➔ Cost-effective for small scale wastewater disposal.
• Q32: Write a few advantages of a septic tank.
  Ans: A few advantages are:

  • ➔ Reliable and widely used in rural and suburban areas.
  • ➔ Efficient in treating domestic wastewater.
  • ➔ Easy to maintain with periodic cleaning.
• Q33: Write a few advantages of an OHWT.
  Ans: A few advantages are:

  • ➔ Provides consistent water pressure.
  • ➔ Stores water for future use during low supply periods.
  • ➔ Easy to maintain and inspect.
• Q34: Write a few disadvantages of a septic tank.
  Ans: A few disadvantages are:

  • ➔ Requires regular maintenance and pumping.
  • ➔ Can contaminate groundwater if not properly maintained.
  • ➔ Not suitable for high-density areas.
• Q35: What is an ideal slope of a drainage pipe?
  Ans: The ideal slope for a drainage pipe is between 1% and 2%, meaning a drop of 1 to 2 cm per meter of pipe length.
• Q36: What is the diameter kept for a soil pipe?
  Ans: The diameter for the soil pipe is 4 inches.
• Q37: What is the diameter kept for a waste pipe?
  Ans: The diameter for the soil pipe is 3 inches.