Q1: Define Climate.
Ans:Climate refers to the long-term average of weather conditions, such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, and winds, over a specific region and time period (typically 30 years or more).
Q2: Define Weather.
Ans:Weather refers to the atmospheric conditions at a specific time and place, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, and visibility.
Q3: What is the climatic condition of Pakistan?
Ans:Pakistan has a predominantly arid climate with distinct seasons, characterized by hot summers, cool winters, and a monsoon season. The coastal areas have a moderate climate, while the interior regions can be extremely hot in summer.
Q4: What are the elements of climate control in Pakistan?
Ans:
The elements of climate control in Pakistan include:- ➔ Latitude
- ➔ Altitude
- ➔ Distance from the sea
- ➔ Prevailing winds
- ➔ The presence of mountains such as the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush
Q5: Explain the seasons and its time duration in Pakistan.
Ans:
The seasons in Pakistan are:- ➔ Summer (March to June): Hot temperatures, with the maximum heat occurring in May and June.
- ➔ Monsoon (July to September): Characterized by heavy rainfall and humidity due to the southwest monsoon winds.
- ➔ Autumn (October to November): Pleasant temperatures and clear skies.
- ➔ Winter (December to February): Cold temperatures, especially in northern and mountainous areas.
Q6: Name the seasons of Pakistan.
Ans:
The seasons of Pakistan are:- ➔ Summer
- ➔ Monsoon
- ➔ Autumn
- ➔ Winter
Q7: Explain the temperature of seasons in Pakistan.
Ans:
Seasonal temperatures in Pakistan:- ➔ Summer: Temperatures can soar above 40°C in many regions, particularly in the interior.
- ➔ Monsoon: The temperatures drop slightly due to the rains, but it remains humid.
- ➔ Autumn: Temperatures are moderate, ranging from 20°C to 30°C.
- ➔ Winter: The temperature can drop to below freezing in northern areas and range from 5°C to 20°C in other regions.
Q8: According to the climate, Pakistan is divided into how many parts?
Ans:
Pakistan is generally divided into four climatic regions:- ➔ Coastal region
- ➔ Mountainous region
- ➔ Plains
- ➔ Desert region
Q9: On what factors does climate affect residential buildings?
Ans:
Climate affects residential buildings in terms of:- ➔ Building materials
- ➔ Orientation and design
- ➔ Ventilation and cooling systems
- ➔ Roof types
Q10: Does the weather affect the material of a building?
Ans:Yes, the weather affects the choice of building materials. For instance, materials like concrete and brick are suitable for hot climates, while wood may be better for colder regions. High humidity can lead to the use of moisture-resistant materials.
Q11: Explain the characteristics of climate.
Ans:
The characteristics of climate include:- ➔ Temperature: The average warmth or coldness of the area.
- ➔ Precipitation: The amount and type of rainfall, snow, or other forms of water.
- ➔ Wind: The speed and direction of winds.
- ➔ Humidity: The amount of moisture in the air.
- ➔ Sunlight: The intensity and duration of sunlight.
Q12: What does the word climate mean?
Ans:The word 'climate' comes from the Greek word 'klima' (meaning slope or inclination) and the Latin suffix '-mate' (meaning condition or state). Together, it refers to the long-term weather conditions of a region, influenced by the Earth's position relative to the sun.
Q13: Define humidity.
Ans:Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor present in the air. High humidity can make the air feel warmer, while low humidity can make the air feel cooler.
Q14: Define Tropical climate.
Ans:A tropical climate is characterized by high temperatures throughout the year, with distinct wet and dry seasons. It is typically found near the equator.
Q15: What do you know about monsoon winds?
Ans:Monsoon winds are seasonal winds that bring heavy rainfall during the monsoon season. In Pakistan, the southwest monsoon winds bring rain from the Indian Ocean, especially from June to September.
Q16: When does Monsoon start in Pakistan?
Ans:The monsoon season in Pakistan usually starts in June and lasts until September.
Q17: How does plantation affect the climate?
Ans:Plantation can have a cooling effect on the climate. Trees and plants help to reduce temperatures through the process of transpiration and by providing shade, which reduces the heat absorbed by the ground.
Q18: Describe the sea level as a characteristic of climate.
Ans:Sea level is important in climate because areas closer to the sea tend to have a moderate climate with less variation in temperature, while areas at higher altitudes may experience more extreme weather conditions.
Q19: What is the effect of sun orientation on buildings?
Ans:The orientation of a building towards the sun can affect its heating and cooling. Buildings facing the sun may absorb more heat during the day, making them warmer, while those oriented away may stay cooler. Proper design can help reduce energy use.
Q20: How does ocean current affect the climate of an area?
Ans:Ocean currents can influence the temperature and moisture levels of coastal areas. Warm currents raise temperatures and can bring more precipitation, while cold currents can have the opposite effect, making coastal areas cooler and drier.
Q21: What is the effect of open spaces on the climate of residential buildings?
Ans:Open spaces around buildings can promote airflow, reducing heat buildup and increasing natural cooling. They also help maintain a balance in the microclimate, reducing the 'heat island' effect often seen in urban areas.
Q22: What is the effect of building height on the climate of residential buildings?
Ans:Taller buildings can affect the surrounding climate by creating wind tunnels, increasing wind speeds at ground level. They can also block sunlight, affecting the temperature and airflow of the areas around them.
Q23: How does bye laws affect the design of a building?
Ans:Building bye-laws regulate the size, shape, height, and design of buildings. They ensure safety, proper ventilation, and the efficient use of space while considering environmental impacts.
Q24: How does prevailing wind affect the temperature of an area?
Ans:Prevailing winds can affect the temperature by bringing in air from different regions. Winds from cold areas lower temperatures, while winds from warm regions can increase them.
Q25: How does the distance of an area from the sea affect its temperature?
Ans:Areas close to the sea tend to have milder temperatures due to the moderating effect of the ocean. In contrast, inland areas may experience more extreme temperatures, with hotter summers and colder winters.