Q1: Define Water Supply.
Ans:Water supply is the process of providing water to meet the needs of a community, building, or system for drinking, sanitation, irrigation, and other uses.
Q2: Why is Water Supply necessary?
Ans:Water supply is necessary to ensure access to clean, safe water for drinking, hygiene, cooking, and maintaining health.
Q3: Write the methods of domestic water supply.
Ans:
The methods are:- ➔ Direct supply from a public water system.
- ➔ Borewells and tubewells.
- ➔ Rainwater harvesting.
- ➔ Storage tanks (overhead or underground).
Q4: What are the different layouts for water supply?
Ans:
Common layouts include:- ➔ Radial layout.
- ➔ Ring or circular layout.
- ➔ Grid system layout.
Q5: Define Ring or Circular distribution method.
Ans:In this method, water is distributed through a network of pipes arranged in a circular pattern, ensuring uniform pressure and easy maintenance.
Q6: Define UGWT.
Ans:A tank located underground to store water, often used for rainwater harvesting or as a backup water supply is called UGWT (Under Ground Water Tank).
Q7: Define OHWT.
Ans:A water tank placed above the ground level to provide water pressure through gravity flow is called OHWT (Over Head Water Tank).
Q8: Define a Valve.
Ans:A valve is a device used to control the flow of water or other fluids through pipes by opening, closing, or partially obstructing the passage.
Q9: What are reservoirs?
Ans:Reservoirs are large storage tanks or artificial lakes used to store water for supply and distribution.
Q10: Name some plumbing equipment for water supply.
Ans:
Some of the plumbing equipment are:- ➔ Pipes (PVC, copper, GI, etc.)
- ➔ Faucets and taps
- ➔ Valves (ball valves, gate valves)
- ➔ Pressure tanks
- ➔ Water meters
Q11: Name different types of valves.
Ans:
Different types of valves are:- ➔ Gate valve
- ➔ Globe valve
- ➔ Ball valve
- ➔ Check valve
- ➔ Butterfly valve
Q12: What is the purpose of a valve?
Ans:Valves regulate, control, or stop the flow of water within a piping system.
Q13: Differentiate between globe and gate.
Ans:
Globe valve: Used for regulating the flow of water and is better for throttling.
Gate valve: Mainly used to fully open or close the water flow and is not suitable for throttling.
Q14: Differentiate between reducer and union.
Ans:
Reducer: A fitting used to connect pipes of different diameters.
Union: A fitting that allows two pipes to be easily connected and disconnected for maintenance.
Q15: Differentiate between cross and tee.
Ans:
Cross: A fitting with four openings, used to connect four pipes at right angles.
Tee: A fitting with three openings, used to connect pipes in a T shape.
Q16: Enlist different pipes used in water supply.
Ans:
The different pipes are:- ➔ PVC pipes
- ➔ Copper pipes
- ➔ GI (Galvanized Iron) pipes
- ➔ HDPE pipes
- ➔ CPVC pipes
Q17: What is continuous water supply?
Ans:Continuous water supply means water is provided at all times without interruptions.
Q18: What is intermittent water supply?
Ans:Intermittent water supply refers to water being supplied at certain times or intervals, with periods of no supply.
Q19: Define drainage.
Ans:Drainage refers to the system of removing excess water from an area, especially wastewater, from homes and buildings.
Q20: Why is drainage necessary?
Ans:Drainage is essential to prevent waterlogging, flooding, and to maintain hygiene by directing wastewater away from living spaces.
Q21: Differentiate between drain and house sewer.
Ans:
Drain: A pipe that carries wastewater from various sources like sinks, showers, or rainwater.
House sewer: A larger pipe that carries wastewater from the house to the main sewage system.
Q22: Enlist different pipes used in drainage systems.
Ans:
Different pipes are:- ➔ PVC pipes
- ➔ RCC pipes
- ➔ Clay pipes
- ➔ CI (Cast Iron) pipes
- ➔ HDPE pipes
Q23: Write the ways of disposal of an effluent.
Ans:
The ways of disposal are:- ➔ Sewage treatment plants
- ➔ Septic tanks
- ➔ Recycling systems
- ➔ Soakage pits
- ➔ Sub-surface irrigation
Q24: Define Septic Tank.
Ans:A septic tank is an underground chamber used for the treatment and disposal of domestic wastewater by using natural processes of filtration and sedimentation.
Q25: Define Soakage Pit.
Ans:A soakage pit is a type of drainage system where wastewater is allowed to seep into the ground after filtration, helping to dispose of excess water.
Q26: Define Manhole.
Ans:A manhole is a covered opening in the ground that allows access to underground utilities like sewers or drainage systems for inspection or maintenance.
Q27: Define Distribution box.
Ans:A distribution box is a chamber used in septic systems to evenly distribute wastewater from the tank to drain fields or soakage pits.
Q28: Define Vent Pipe/ Vent Stack.
Ans:A vent pipe is used in plumbing systems to allow air into the system to prevent vacuum formation, ensuring smooth water flow and preventing odor.
Q29: Define Rain water pipe.
Ans:A rainwater pipe, often referred to as a downspout, is used to carry rainwater from the roof to the ground or drainage system.
Q30: Write the importance of slope in drainage.
Ans:The slope in drainage systems is essential to ensure the smooth flow of wastewater by gravity, preventing blockages and ensuring effective drainage.
Q31: Write a few advantages of a soakage pit.
Ans:
A few advantages are:- ➔ Reduces the risk of waterlogging.
- ➔ Helps in the filtration and natural treatment of wastewater.
- ➔ Cost-effective for small scale wastewater disposal.
Q32: Write a few advantages of a septic tank.
Ans:
A few advantages are:- ➔ Reliable and widely used in rural and suburban areas.
- ➔ Efficient in treating domestic wastewater.
- ➔ Easy to maintain with periodic cleaning.
Q33: Write a few advantages of an OHWT.
Ans:
A few advantages are:- ➔ Provides consistent water pressure.
- ➔ Stores water for future use during low supply periods.
- ➔ Easy to maintain and inspect.
Q34: Write a few disadvantages of a septic tank.
Ans:
A few disadvantages are:- ➔ Requires regular maintenance and pumping.
- ➔ Can contaminate groundwater if not properly maintained.
- ➔ Not suitable for high-density areas.
Q35: What is an ideal slope of a drainage pipe?
Ans:The ideal slope for a drainage pipe is between 1% and 2%, meaning a drop of 1 to 2 cm per meter of pipe length.
Q36: What is the diameter kept for a soil pipe?
Ans:The diameter for the soil pipe is 4 inches.
Q37: What is the diameter kept for a waste pipe?
Ans:The diameter for the soil pipe is 3 inches.