SEWERAGE SYSTEM

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• Q1: Define Sewage.
  Ans: Sewage is wastewater that comes from homes, industries, and businesses containing human waste, chemicals, and other pollutants.
• Q2: Define Sewerage.
  Ans: Sewerage is the system of pipes and channels that carries sewage from buildings to treatment facilities.
• Q3: Define Sewerage system.
  Ans: A sewerage system is a network of pipes, pumps, and treatment plants designed to collect and dispose of sewage safely.
• Q4: Define Sludge.
  Ans: Sludge is the thick, solid, or semi-solid material that settles out from sewage during treatment.
• Q5: Define Waste water.
  Ans: Waste water is used water from homes, industries, and businesses that contains contaminants.
• Q6: Define Storm Water.
  Ans: Storm water is rainwater or melted snow that flows over streets, roofs, and land into drains and rivers.
• Q7: Define Waste Pipe.
  Ans: A waste pipe is a pipe that carries sewage or wastewater from sinks and other fixtures except from W.C to the sewer.
• Q8: Define Soil Pipe.
  Ans: A soil pipe is a vertical pipe that carries human waste and sewage from toilets to the sewer system.
• Q9: Define Subsoil water.
  Ans: Subsoil water is the water present beneath the ground in soil layers.
• Q10: Define Infiltration.
  Ans: Infiltration is the process of water entering the soil or a sewer system from the surrounding ground.
• Q11: Define Exfilteration.
  Ans: Exfiltration is the leakage of wastewater from a sewer or pipe into the surrounding soil.
• Q12: Define Invert.
  Ans: The invert is the lowest point inside the bottom of a pipe or sewer channel.
• Q13: Define Inflow.
  Ans: Inflow is water that enters a sewer system from sources like rain, storm drains, or surface runoff.
• Q14: Define Refuse.
  Ans: Refuse is solid waste or garbage that is discarded from homes, businesses, or industries.
• Q15: Define Septic Tank.
  Ans: A septic tank is an underground tank that cleans sewage by separating solids from liquids and breaking down some waste.
• Q16: Define Drainage.
  Ans: Drainage is the system of pipes, channels, or ditches that removes excess water from land or buildings.
• Q17: Define Manhole.
  Ans: A manhole is an access point in a sewer or drainage system for inspection, cleaning, or maintenance.
• Q18: Define Gully trap.
  Ans: A gully trap is a plumbing device that prevents sewer gases from entering a building while allowing wastewater to pass.
• Q19: Define Floor drain.
  Ans: A floor drain is a drain installed in the floor to remove water from bathrooms, kitchens, or basements.
• Q20: Define Garbage.
  Ans: Garbage is household or commercial waste, including food scraps, paper, and other disposable items.
• Q21: Name the types of sewage.
  Ans: The types of sewage are as follows:

  • ➔ Domestic sewage
  • ➔ Sanitary sewage
  • ➔ Industrial sewage
  • ➔ Storm sewage
  • ➔ Combined sewage
  • ➔ Raw sewage
  • ➔ Dilute sewage
  • ➔ Septic sewage
  • ➔ Fresh sewage
• Q22: Define Domestic Sewage.
  Ans: Domestic sewage is wastewater that comes from households, including water from kitchens, bathrooms, and toilets.
• Q23: Define Sanitary Sewage.
  Ans: Sanitary sewage is wastewater that contains human waste and water from domestic activities but no stormwater.
• Q24: Define Industrial Sewage.
  Ans: Industrial sewage is wastewater produced by factories and industries containing chemicals, oils, or other pollutants.
• Q25: Define Septic Sewage.
  Ans: Septic sewage is wastewater that is partially treated in a septic tank before being discharged or absorbed into the ground.
• Q26: Define Dilute Sewage.
  Ans: Dilute sewage is wastewater that contains a large amount of water and a small amount of solid waste.
• Q27: Define Fresh Sewage.
  Ans: Fresh sewage is newly produced sewage that has not started to decompose or produce bad odors.
• Q28: Define Storm Sewage.
  Ans: Storm sewage is water from rain or melting snow that flows into drains and sewers.
• Q29: Define Combined Sewage.
  Ans: Combined sewage is a mixture of domestic sewage and stormwater carried together in one sewer system.
• Q30: Define Raw Sewage.
  Ans: Raw sewage is untreated wastewater directly discharged from homes or industries into sewers.
• Q31: Define Sewer.
  Ans: A sewer is an underground pipe that carries sewage and wastewater to a treatment plant or disposal area.
• Q32: Name the types of sewer.
  Ans: The types of sewer are as follows:

  • ➔ Sanitary sewer
  • ➔ Combined sewer
  • ➔ Storm sewer
  • ➔ House sewer
  • ➔ Lateral sewer
  • ➔ Branch sewer
  • ➔ Main sewer
  • ➔ Trunk sewer
• Q33: Define Sanitary sewer.
  Ans: A sanitary sewer is a pipe that carries only domestic or industrial wastewater without stormwater.
• Q34: Define House sewer.
  Ans: A house sewer is a pipe that carries wastewater from a building to the main sewer.
• Q35: Define Combined sewer.
  Ans: A combined sewer carries both wastewater and stormwater in a single pipe.
• Q36: Define Storm sewer.
  Ans: A storm sewer carries only rainwater or melted snow to rivers, lakes, or treatment facilities.
• Q37: Define Depressed sewer.
  Ans: A depressed sewer is a sewer built below the main sewer level to receive wastewater from low-lying areas.
• Q38: Define Relief sewer.
  Ans: A relief sewer is an additional sewer constructed to reduce the load on an existing sewer.
• Q39: Define Lateral sewer.
  Ans: A lateral sewer is a small pipe that connects houses or buildings to the branch sewer.
• Q40: Define Branch sewer.
  Ans: A branch sewer collects wastewater from lateral sewers and carries it to the main sewer.
• Q41: Define Main sewer.
  Ans: A main sewer is a large sewer that carries wastewater from branch sewers to the treatment plant.
• Q42: Define Trunk sewer.
  Ans: A trunk sewer is a large sewer that carries wastewater from main sewers to the treatment plant.
• Q43: Define Intercepting sewer.
  Ans: An intercepting sewer is a sewer built to intercept wastewater from existing sewers and redirect it to a treatment plant.
• Q44: Name the systems of sewerage.
  Ans: The systems of sewerage are as follows:

  • ➔ Separate system
  • ➔ Combined system
  • ➔ Partially separate system
• Q45: Define Separate sewerage system.
  Ans: A separate sewerage system has two different sewers: one for wastewater and one for stormwater.
• Q46: Write 4 advantages of Separate sewerage system.
  Ans: The advantages of Separate sewerage system are as follows:

  • ➔ Reduces sewer overflow
  • ➔ Easier treatment of wastewater
  • ➔ Prevents mixing of stormwater with sewage
  • ➔ Reduces risk of contamination
• Q47: Write 4 dis-advantages of Separate sewerage system.
  Ans: The disadvantages of Separate sewerage system are as follows:

  • ➔ Higher construction cost
  • ➔ Requires more space
  • ➔ More maintenance needed
  • ➔ Complex design
• Q48: Define Combined sewerage system.
  Ans: A combined sewerage system carries both wastewater and stormwater in the same pipe.
• Q49: Write 4 advantages of Combined sewerage system.
  Ans: The advantages of Combined sewerage system are as follows:

  • ➔ Lower construction cost
  • ➔ Requires less space
  • ➔ Simple design
  • ➔ Easy to maintain
• Q50: Write 4 dis-advantages of Combined sewerage system.
  Ans: The disadvantages of Combined sewerage system are as follows:

  • ➔ Risk of overflow during heavy rain
  • ➔ Difficult wastewater treatment
  • ➔ High pollution if discharged directly
  • ➔ Possible damage to sewers due to stormwater load
• Q51: Define Partially Separate sewerage system.
  Ans: A partially separate sewerage system carries wastewater and stormwater in separate sewers in some areas and combined in others.
• Q52: Write 4 advantages of Partially Separate sewerage system.
  Ans: The advantages of Partially Separate sewerage system are as follows:

  • ➔ Reduces overflow in critical areas
  • ➔ Easier wastewater treatment
  • ➔ Lower cost than fully separate system
  • ➔ Reduces risk of contamination
• Q53: Write 4 dis-advantages of Partially Separate sewerage system.
  Ans: The disadvantages of Partially Separate sewerage system are as follows:

  • ➔ Complex design
  • ➔ Maintenance is difficult
  • ➔ Risk of mixing wastewater and stormwater
  • ➔ Partial contamination may occur
• Q54: Define the purpose of Slope in sewerage design.
  Ans: The slope ensures wastewater flows by gravity and prevents blockages in sewers.
• Q55: Define Scouring Velocity.
  Ans: Scouring velocity is the minimum speed of wastewater in a sewer required to keep solids in suspension and prevent deposits.
• Q56: Define Sewer pipes.
  Ans: Sewer pipes are pipes used to carry sewage from houses, industries, or streets to treatment plants.
• Q57: Name 6 types of sewer materials.
  Ans: The types of sewer materials are as follows:

  • ➔ Concrete
  • ➔ Brick
  • ➔ Clay
  • ➔ Cast iron
  • ➔ Steel
  • ➔ PVC
• Q58: Define Corrugated Iron sewer.
  Ans: A corrugated iron sewer is made of corrugated iron sheets and is used for temporary or low-cost sewers.
• Q59: Define Cast Iron sewer.
  Ans: A cast iron sewer is a strong, durable pipe made of cast iron used for building and house connections.
• Q60: Where is the steel sewer used?
  Ans: Steel sewers are used where high strength is needed, such as industrial areas and large pipelines.
• Q61: Define Sewage treatment.
  Ans: Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater before it is released into the environment.
• Q62: Name the stages of Sewage treatment.
  Ans: Following are the stages of sewage treatment:

  • ➔ Primary treatment
  • ➔ Secondary treatment
  • ➔ Tertiary treatment
• Q63: Name the methods of Sewage treatment.
  Ans: Following are the methods of sewage treatment:

  • ➔ Physical method
  • ➔ Chemical methods
  • ➔ Biological methods
• Q64: Name the types of sewage treatment tanks.
  Ans: Following are the types of sewage treatment tanks:

  • ➔ Sedimentation tank
  • ➔ Digestion tank
  • ➔ Septic tank
  • ➔ Oxidation tank
• Q65: Define Inlet.
  Ans: An inlet is the point where sewage enters a tank or sewer.
• Q66: Define Outlet.
  Ans: An outlet is the point where treated water or wastewater leaves a tank or sewer.
• Q67: Define Sedimentation Chamber.
  Ans: A sedimentation chamber is a tank where solids settle down from sewage before further treatment.
• Q68: Define the Digestion Chamber.
  Ans: A digestion chamber is a tank where settled solids are decomposed by bacteria.
• Q69: Define Cesspool Drainage System.
  Ans: A cesspool drainage system collects sewage in underground pits for decomposition and gradual absorption into the soil.
• Q70: Define Water Carriage System.
  Ans: A water carriage system uses water to carry waste from homes and streets to a sewer or treatment facility.
• Q71: Define Chlorination.
  Ans: Chlorination is the process of adding chlorine to water or sewage to kill harmful bacteria.
• Q72: Name the types of Chlorination.
  Ans: Following are the types of chlorination:

  • ➔ Dry chlorination
  • ➔ Liquid chlorination
  • ➔ Gas chlorination
• Q73: Define W.H.O.
  Ans: W.H.O. stands for World Health Organization, an international agency that promotes public health.
• Q74: Which chemical is used in Chlorination?
  Ans: Chlorine or chlorine compounds are used in chlorination.
• Q75: Define Sewage Chlorination.
  Ans: Sewage chlorination is adding chlorine to sewage to disinfect it before discharge.
• Q76: What is a Sewage Chlorination Test?
  Ans: A sewage chlorination test checks whether the amount of chlorine added is enough to kill bacteria in sewage.
• Q77: Name the types of Sewage Chlorination Test.
  Ans: Following are the types of Sewage Chlorination Test:

  • ➔ Breakpoint chlorination test
  • ➔ Residual chlorine test