FIRE PREVENTION & PROTECTION

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• Q1: Define Fire.
  Ans: Fire is a chemical reaction that produces heat, light, and flame by burning a fuel in the presence of oxygen.
• Q2: Fire is measured in which unit?
  Ans: Fire intensity is measured in kilowatts (kW) or calories per second (cal/s).
• Q3: Name the elements of the fire triangle.
  Ans: The elements of the fire triangle are:

  • ➔ Oxygen
  • ➔ Heat
  • ➔ Fuel
• Q4: Write about fire protection in buildings.
  Ans: Fire protection in buildings includes designing, installing, and maintaining systems that prevent fire, detect it early, and safely extinguish it.
• Q5: What is the importance of fire protection in a building?
  Ans: Fire protection is important to save lives, protect property, prevent damage to the building, and ensure safe evacuation.
• Q6: Name the types of fire.
  Ans: The types of fire are:

  • ➔ Type A Fire — Ordinary Combustible Fire
  • ➔ Type B Fire — Flammable Liquid & Gas Fire
  • ➔ Type C Fire — Electrical Fire
  • ➔ Type D Fire — Metal Type Fire
  • ➔ Type K Fire — Kitchen Fire
• Q7: Define Type A Fire.
  Ans: Type A Fire occurs in ordinary combustible materials like wood, paper, and cloth.
• Q8: Define Type B Fire.
  Ans: Type B Fire occurs in flammable liquids and gases like petrol, oil, and alcohol.
• Q9: Define Type C Fire.
  Ans: Type C Fire occurs in electrical equipment and wiring.
• Q10: Define Type D Fire.
  Ans: Type D Fire occurs in combustible metals like magnesium, aluminum, and sodium.
• Q11: Define Type K Fire.
  Ans: Type K Fire occurs in cooking oils and fats in kitchens.
• Q12: Define Fire extinguisher.
  Ans: A fire extinguisher is a device used to put out small fires by spraying water, foam, gas, or chemicals.
• Q13: Define NEPA.
  Ans: NEPA stands for National Electric Power Authority, which regulates electricity supply and safety standards.
• Q14: How will you extinguish a fire in an electric room?
  Ans: Fires in an electric room should be extinguished using dry chemical powder, CO₂, or FM-200. Water should never be used.
• Q15: Write 4 causes of fire.
  Ans: Some of the causes of fire are as follows:

  • ➔ Faulty electrical wiring
  • ➔ Careless handling of flammable materials
  • ➔ Overheating of appliances
  • ➔ Open flames or sparks
• Q16: Write 4 effects of fire.
  Ans: Some of the effects of fire are as follows:

  • ➔ Loss of life
  • ➔ Damage to property
  • ➔ Smoke and air pollution
  • ➔ Disruption of normal activities
• Q17: Write 6 fire preventive measures in the design of the building.
  Ans: Following preventive measures should be taken:

  • ➔ Use fire-resistant materials
  • ➔ Install fire alarms and detectors
  • ➔ Design proper exit routes
  • ➔ Provide smoke ventilation
  • ➔ Separate high-risk areas
  • ➔ Avoid overcrowding
• Q18: Write 6 fire protective measures in the design of the building.
  Ans: Following protective measures should be taken:

  • ➔ Install fire sprinklers
  • ➔ Provide fire extinguishers
  • ➔ Install fire hydrants
  • ➔ Use fire doors and partitions
  • ➔ Include smoke detectors
  • ➔ Provide emergency lighting
• Q19: Define Fire resisting materials.
  Ans: Fire resisting materials are materials that can withstand high temperatures without burning or losing strength.
• Q20: Name 4 Fire resisting materials.
  Ans: Some of the fire resisting materials are as follows:

  • ➔ Brick
  • ➔ Steel
  • ➔ Gypsum
  • ➔ Concrete
• Q21: Define Charging in Timber.
  Ans: Charging in timber is the treatment of wood with fire-retardant chemicals to increase its resistance to fire.
• Q22: Define Fire Fighting systems.
  Ans: Fire fighting systems are equipment and methods installed in a building to detect, control, and extinguish fires.
• Q23: Define WAPDA.
  Ans: WAPDA stands for Water and Power Development Authority. It is a government organization in Pakistan responsible for the development, management, and distribution of water and electricity.
• Q24: Define LESCO.
  Ans: LESCO stands for Lahore Electric Supply Company. It is a company responsible for the distribution and supply of electricity in the Lahore region.
• Q25: Define Fire Hydrant.
  Ans: A fire hydrant is a water outlet used by firefighters to connect hoses and supply water for fire extinguishing.
• Q26: Define Sprinklers.
  Ans: Sprinklers are devices that spray water automatically when a fire is detected to control or extinguish it.
• Q27: Define Diffusers.
  Ans: Diffusers are devices used to evenly distribute air or smoke in a building, often as part of ventilation or fire safety systems.
• Q28: What is FM-200?
  Ans: FM-200 is a clean chemical fire extinguishing agent used for electrical and sensitive equipment fires.
• Q29: What chemical is used in fire extinguishers?
  Ans: Some of the chemicals used in fire extinguishers are as follows:

  • ➔ CO₂
  • ➔ Dry powder
  • ➔ Foam
  • ➔ Water
  • ➔ FM-200