ELECTRIFICATION

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• Q1: Define Electrification.
  Ans: Electrification is the process of supplying electrical power to an area, building, or machine to make it function using electricity.
• Q2: Define Outlet in electrification.
  Ans: An outlet in electrification refers to a socket or plug point where electrical devices are connected to draw power.
• Q3: Write the importance of electrification.
  Ans: Electrification is important because:

  • ➔ It provides energy for daily life activities.
  • ➔ It supports industries.
  • ➔ It improves living standards.
  • ➔ It facilitates technological advancements.
• Q4: Write 4 advantages of electrification.
  Ans: The advantages of electrification are as follows:

  • ➔ It makes life better by providing power for lights, heating, and appliances.
  • ➔ It helps the economy grow by powering factories and businesses.
  • ➔ It reduces the need for manual work and boosts efficiency.
  • ➔ It supports communication, transportation, and healthcare systems.
• Q5: Write 4 uses of electrification.
  Ans: Some of the uses are as follows:

  • ➔ It provides power for home appliances like lights, fans, and fridges.
  • ➔ It runs machines and equipment in factories.
  • ➔ It gives energy to transport systems like trains and electric vehicles.
  • ➔ It helps communication systems like radio, TV, and the internet work.
• Q6: Write 4 safety measures in electrification.
  Ans: Some of the safety measures are as follows:

  • ➔ Use Circuit breakers and fuses.
  • ➔ Do proper grounding.
  • ➔ Inspect electrical wiring regularly.
  • ➔ Wear protective gear when handling electrical systems.
• Q7: Define Cable.
  Ans: A cable is a bundle of wires or conductors that are covered with an insulating material, designed to carry electrical current from one point to another.
• Q8: Write 2 uses of cables.
  Ans: Cables are used as follows:

  • ➔ To connect electrical devices to power sources.
  • ➔ To transmit electrical signals in communication systems.
• Q9: Name the types of cables.
  Ans: The types of cable are as follows:

  • ➔ Power cables
  • ➔ Control cables
  • ➔ Signal cables
  • ➔ Coaxial cables
  • ➔ Fiber optic cables
• Q10: Name the parts of cable.
  Ans: Some of the parts of cable are as follows:

  • ➔ Conductor
  • ➔ Insulation
  • ➔ Sheath
  • ➔ Armor
• Q11: Name 4 types of cables used for domestic purposes.
  Ans: The types of cable used for domestic purpose are as follows:

  • ➔ PVC insulated cables
  • ➔ Armored cables
  • ➔ Flat cables
  • ➔ Flexible cables
• Q12: Define VRI Cable.
  Ans: VRI Cable stands for 'Vulcanized Rubber Insulated' cable, which is used for medium voltage applications. It has rubber insulation for flexibility and durability.
• Q13: Define PVC.
  Ans: PVC means Polyvinyl Chloride, a plastic material used to cover cables because it is strong and resists water and chemicals.
• Q14: Define PVC Cable.
  Ans: PVC Cable is a type of electrical cable with insulation made of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) that is commonly used for low and medium voltage electrical wiring.
• Q15: Define TRS Cable.
  Ans: TRS Cable stands for 'Triple Run System' cable, which is a type of electrical cable designed for use in power distribution systems. It is typically used in industrial settings.
• Q16: Define CTS Cable.
  Ans: CTS Cable refers to 'Cross-linked Thermoset Insulated' cable, which is known for its high-temperature resistance and is commonly used in high-temperature environments.
• Q17: Name the types of cable based on the core.
  Ans: The types of cable on the basis of core are as follows:

  • ➔ Single Core Cable
  • ➔ Twin Core Cable
  • ➔ Three Core Cable
  • ➔ Four Core Cable
• Q18: Define Single Core Cable.
  Ans: A Single Core Cable is a type of electrical cable that contains only one conductor, typically used for simple electrical applications.
• Q19: Define Twin Core Cable.
  Ans: A Twin Core Cable is a cable that contains two conductors, used for circuits that require two connections, such as in basic power distribution.
• Q20: Define Three Core Cable.
  Ans: A Three Core Cable has three conductors inside, often used for systems that require a neutral wire in addition to the live and earth connections.
• Q21: Define Four Core Cable.
  Ans: A Four Core Cable contains four conductors, typically used in circuits where multiple connections or control systems are required.
• Q22: Define Voltage.
  Ans: Voltage is the electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit, which drives the flow of electrical current. In Pakistan it is 220V to 240V.
• Q23: Define Low Voltage.
  Ans: Low Voltage refers to electrical voltage that is lower than 1000 volts, commonly used in household and light industrial applications.
• Q24: Define Low Voltage Grade Cable.
  Ans: Low Voltage Grade Cable is a type of cable designed to carry low voltage (up to 1000V) without risk of overheating or insulation failure.
• Q25: Define High Voltage.
  Ans: High Voltage refers to electrical voltage that is higher than 1000 volts, typically used in power transmission systems.
• Q26: Define Medium Voltage Grade Cable.
  Ans: Medium Voltage Grade Cable is designed for voltage levels typically between 1000V and 33kV, commonly used in electrical distribution systems.
• Q27: Define Transformer.
  Ans: A transformer is an electrical device used to increase or decrease the voltage of an alternating current (AC) in a power system.
• Q28: Define Current.
  Ans: Current is the flow of electric charge, typically measured in amperes (A), and is what powers electrical devices.
• Q29: Define Electric Circuit.
  Ans: An electric circuit is a complete path through which electric current can flow, consisting of power sources, conductors, and load devices like bulbs or motors.
• Q30: Define Transmission system.
  Ans: A transmission system is the network of power lines, transformers, and substations used to transport electrical energy from power plants to end users like homes and industries.
• Q31: Define Load in electrification.
  Ans: A load is any electrical device that uses electrical power to do work.
• Q32: Define Control system.
  Ans: A control system is a system that manages, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems.
• Q33: Name the types of circuit.
  Ans: The types of circuit are as follows:

  • ➔ Series circuit
  • ➔ Parallel circuit
  • ➔ Series-parallel circuit
• Q34: Define Parallel Circuit.
  Ans: A parallel circuit is a circuit in which components are connected across the same two points, so each has its own path for current.
• Q35: Define Series Circuit.
  Ans: A series circuit is a circuit in which components are connected end to end in a single path for current.
• Q36: Define Series Parallel Circuit.
  Ans: A series-parallel circuit is a circuit that has some components connected in series and some in parallel.
• Q37: Define Insulation.
  Ans: Insulation is a material used to cover electrical wires to prevent electric shock and short circuits.
• Q38: Name the items used for cable insulation.
  Ans: Some of the items used for cable insulation are:

  • ➔ PVC
  • ➔ Rubber
  • ➔ Paper
  • ➔ Varnish
  • ➔ Plastic
• Q39: Name the types of Cable Insulation.
  Ans: Following are the types of Cable Insulation:

  • ➔ PVC insulation
  • ➔ Rubber insulation
  • ➔ Paper insulation
  • ➔ XLPE insulation
• Q40: Define Conduit.
  Ans: A conduit is a protective tube used to carry and protect electrical wires.
• Q41: Define Conduit Layout.
  Ans: A conduit layout is the planned arrangement of conduit pipes and wiring in a building.
• Q42: Name the parts of Conduit Layout.
  Ans: Following are the parts of Conduit Layout:

  • ➔ Conduits
  • ➔ Junction boxes
  • ➔ Couplers
  • ➔ Elbows
  • ➔ Bends
  • ➔ Saddles
• Q43: Define Open or Surface Wiring.
  Ans: Open or surface wiring is wiring that is installed on the surface of walls using wooden or PVC battens.
• Q44: Write 4 advantages of Open Wiring.
  Ans: Following are the advantages of Open Wiring:

  • ➔ It is simple to install.
  • ➔ It is easy to repair.
  • ➔ It is less expensive.
  • ➔ Faults can be easily detected.
• Q45: Write 2 disadvantages of Open Wiring.
  Ans: Following are the disadvantages of Open Wiring:

  • ➔ It is not very safe.
  • ➔ It does not look neat or attractive.
• Q46: Define Concealed Wiring.
  Ans: Concealed wiring is wiring that is hidden inside walls, floors, or ceilings using conduits.
• Q47: Write 4 advantages of Closed Wiring.
  Ans: Following are the advantages of Closed Wiring:

  • ➔ It looks neat and attractive.
  • ➔ It is safer from damage.
  • ➔ It reduces the risk of electric shock.
  • ➔ It has a longer life.
• Q48: Write 2 disadvantages of Closed Wiring.
  Ans: Following are the disadvantages of Closed Wiring:

  • ➔ It is more expensive.
  • ➔ It is difficult to repair.
• Q49: Name 6 items used in Conduit Layout.
  Ans: The items used in the Conduit Layout are as follows:

  • ➔ Conduits
  • ➔ Junction boxes
  • ➔ Couplers
  • ➔ Elbows
  • ➔ Bends
  • ➔ Saddles
• Q50: Name the phases of electricity.
  Ans: The phases of electricity are:

  • ➔ Single Phase System
  • ➔ Two Phase System
  • ➔ Three Phase system
• Q51: Define Single Phase System.
  Ans: A single phase system uses only one alternating voltage to supply power.
• Q52: Define 2 advantages of Single Phase System.
  Ans: Following are the advantages of Single Phase System:

  • ➔ It is cheaper to install.
  • ➔ It is suitable for small loads.
• Q53: Define Poly Phase System.
  Ans: A poly phase system uses more than one alternating voltage or current. It includes Two Phase System and Three Phase system.
• Q54: Define Two Phase System.
  Ans: A two phase system uses two voltages that are 90 degrees apart.
• Q55: Define 2 advantages of Two Phase System.
  Ans: Following are the advantages of Two Phase System:

  • ➔ It provides smoother power than single phase.
  • ➔ It can run medium-sized motors efficiently.
• Q56: Define Three Phase System.
  Ans: A three phase system uses three voltages that are 120 degrees apart.
• Q57: Define 2 advantages of Three Phase System.
  Ans: Following are the advantages of Three Phase System:

  • ➔ It is more efficient for power transmission.
  • ➔ It runs heavy motors smoothly.
• Q58: Define Earthing System.
  Ans: An earthing system connects electrical equipment to the earth to prevent electric shock.
• Q59: Draw the symbol of Earth.
  Ans:
• Q60: State the importance of Earthing.
  Ans: Earthing is important because it protects people from electric shock and prevents damage to electrical appliances.
• Q61: Define Leakage Current.
  Ans: Leakage current is a small amount of current that flows through an unwanted path.
• Q62: Name the methods of Earthing.
  Ans: The methods of earthing are as follows:

  • ➔ Plate earthing
  • ➔ Rod earthing
  • ➔ Pipe earthing
  • ➔ Strip earthing
• Q63: Name the components of Earthing.
  Ans: Some of the components of Earthing are as follows:

  • ➔ Earth electrode
  • ➔ Earthing lead
  • ➔ Earth pit
  • ➔ Charcoal and salt
• Q64: Define Earthing Lead.
  Ans: An earthing lead is a conductor that connects electrical equipment to the earth electrode.
• Q65: Define AC and DC Current.
  Ans:
  AC (Alternating Current) is current that changes direction repeatedly.
  DC (Direct Current) is current that flows in one direction only.