UNITS

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• Q1: Define Unit.
  Ans: A unit is defined as the reference standard used for measurements. For example: kg, m, ft etc.
• Q2: Define Bye Laws.
  Ans: Bye-laws are locally made rules that control building construction, safety, sanitation, land use, etc., within a city or town.
• Q3: Enlist different types of units.
  Ans: Types of units are:

  • ➔ Basic Units
  • ➔ Supplementary Units
  • ➔ Derived Units
• Q4: Write down the basic SI units of the following:
  Ans:

  Quantity	Unit
  Length	m (meter)
  Mass	kg (kilogram)
  Time	s (seconds)
  Current	A (Ampere)
  Temperature	K (Kelvin)

• Q5: Define Metric System.
  Ans: A system of measurement in which the basic units are the meter, the second, and the kilogram. In this system, the ratios between units of measurement are multiples of ten.
• Q6: Define SI unit.
  Ans: The International System Of Units (SI) is the metric system that is used universally as a standard for measurements. Example: The SI unit of force is N (Newton).
• Q7: Differentiate between basic and derived units.
  Ans: A derived unit is a unit that is created by combining two or more base units. For example, the unit for speed is meters per second (m/s), which is a combination of the meter (length) and second (time) base units.
  A basic unit is fundamental and cannot be expressed in terms of other units. Example N, kg, g etc.
• Q8: Name the units commonly used in Civil Engineering Works.
  Ans:

  • ➔ Meter
  • ➔ Kilogram
  • ➔ Cubic Meter
  • ➔ Square Meter
  • ➔ Litre
• Q9: Define Supplementary Units.
  Ans: Supplementary units are used along with base units to form derived units in the SI system. It contains radians and steradians.
• Q10: Write the difference of measuring units between English Method and P.W.D Method.
  Ans: The English Method uses Imperial units like feet, inches etc. while P.W.D Method uses Metric units like meters, centimeters etc.
• Q11: Write the measuring units for the following.
  Ans:

  Item	Measuring Unit
  Excavation	m3
  Bricks	m3
  DPC	m2
  Concrete Work	m3
  Plaster	m2
  Pointing	m2
  Steel	quintals
  Roofing	m2
  Flooring	m2
  Piping	m

• Q12: Perform the following conversions.
  Ans:

  Convert	Basic Scale	Conversions
  4000 m into cm	1 m = 100 cm	4000 × 100 = 400000 cm
  120 ft into m	1 m = 3.28 ft	120 ÷ 3.28 = 36.6 m
  3 Yard into ft	1 Yard = 3 ft	3 × 3 = 9 ft
  5 m into Yard	1 Yard = 0.914 m	5 ÷ 0.914 = 5.46 Yard
  500 ft into inch	1 ft = 12 inch	500 × 12 = 6000 inch
  500 inch into ft	1 ft = 12 inch	500 ÷ 12 = 41.7 ft
  800 Miles into furlong	1 Mile = 8 Furlong	800 × 8 = 6400 furlong
  500 Tons into kg	1 Ton = 1000 kg	500 × 1000 = 500000 kg
  8000 ft to Miles	1 Mile = 5280 ft	8000 ÷ 5280 = 1.52 Miles
  12 Kanal into Marla	1 Kanal = 20 Marla	12 × 20 = 240 Marla

• Q13: Write the formula of area of a circle.
  Ans:
• Q14: Write the formula of area of a right angle triangle.
  Ans: