Q1: Define Ferrous Metals. Name some.
Ans: Ferrous metals are those metals which contain iron (Fe) as the main element.
Some examples are:
- ➔ Cast Iron
- ➔ Wrought Iron
- ➔ Steel
Q2: Define Non-Ferrous Metals. Name some.
Ans: Non-ferrous metals are those metals which do not contain iron.
Some examples are:
- ➔ Copper
- ➔ Aluminium
- ➔ Zinc
- ➔ Lead
Q3: State the properties of Ferrous Metals.
Ans: The properties are:
- ➔ High strength
- ➔ Magnetic in nature
- ➔ Less resistance to corrosion
- ➔ Good durability
- ➔ High melting point
Q4: State the uses of Ferrous Metals.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Construction work
- ➔ Machinery manufacturing
- ➔ Automobile parts
- ➔ Tools and equipment
Q5: State the properties of Non-Ferrous Metals.
Ans: The properties are:
- ➔ Non-magnetic
- ➔ Good corrosion resistance
- ➔ Light weight
- ➔ Good electrical conductivity
- ➔ Easy to shape
Q6: State the uses of Non-Ferrous Metals.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Electrical wiring
- ➔ Aircraft parts
- ➔ Cooking utensils
- ➔ Decorative items
Q7: What is the process of Quenching?
Ans: Quenching is a heat treatment process in which hot metal is rapidly cooled in water, oil, or air.
It increases hardness and strength of the metal.
Q8: State the chemical formula of Azurite.
Ans: The chemical formula of Azurite is Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2.
Q9: State the chemical formula of Malachite.
Ans: The chemical formula of Malachite is Cu2CO3(OH)2.
Q10: State the chemical formula of Copper Glance.
Ans: The chemical formula of Copper Glance is Cu2S.
Q11: State the chemical formula of Copper Pyrites.
Ans: The chemical formula of Copper Pyrites is CuFeS2.
Q12: Name the process used for the extraction of Copper.
Ans: The processes used are:
- ➔ Roasting
- ➔ Smelting
- ➔ Refining
Q13: Briefly explain the Roasting Process.
Ans: Roasting is the process of heating sulphide ores in the presence of oxygen.
It converts sulphide ore into oxide and removes impurities as gases.
Q14: Briefly explain the Froth Floatation Process.
Ans: Froth floatation is used to separate sulphide ores from impurities.
The powdered ore is mixed with water and oil, then air is blown through it.
The ore forms froth and floats on the surface, while impurities sink.
Q15: State the properties of Copper.
Ans: The properties are:
- ➔ Good electrical conductivity
- ➔ High thermal conductivity
- ➔ Ductile and malleable
- ➔ Corrosion resistant
- ➔ Reddish-brown color
Q16: State the uses of Copper.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Electrical wires and cables
- ➔ Plumbing pipes
- ➔ Heat exchangers
- ➔ Decorative items
Q17: Name the Alloys of Copper.
Ans: The alloys are:
- ➔ Brass (Copper + Zinc)
- ➔ Bronze (Copper + Tin)
- ➔ Gun Metal
- ➔ German Silver
Q18: What are Brasses? State the composition.
Ans: Brasses are alloys made of copper and zinc.
The composition of brass is:
- ➔ Copper (Cu): 60% to 90%
- ➔ Zinc (Zn): 10% to 40%
Q19: Write the types of Brasses.
Ans: The types of brasses are:
- ➔ Leaded Brass
- ➔ Alpha Brass
- ➔ Aluminium Brass
- ➔ Red Brass
- ➔ Alpha Plus Beta Brass
- ➔ Leaded Red Brass
Q20: State the uses of Brasses.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Making valves and fittings
- ➔ Electrical components
- ➔ Decorative items
- ➔ Musical instruments
Q21: What is Leaded Brass?
Ans: Leaded brass is a type of brass that contains a small amount of lead (Pb).
It improves machinability and makes cutting easier.
Q22: State the uses of Leaded Brass.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Screws and bolts
- ➔ Pipe fittings
- ➔ Machined components
Q23: What is Alpha Brass?
Ans: Alpha brass contains up to 35% zinc.
It has a single phase structure and is soft, ductile, and easy to work.
Q24: State the uses of Alpha Brass.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Sheets and plates
- ➔ Deep drawing applications
- ➔ Decorative items
Q25: What is Aluminium Brass?
Ans: Aluminium brass is brass that contains a small amount of aluminium.
It improves corrosion resistance and strength.
Q26: State the uses of Aluminium Brass.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Heat exchangers
- ➔ Condenser tubes
- ➔ Marine applications
Q27: What is Red Brass?
Ans: Red brass is a type of brass with high copper content (about 85% or more).
It has a reddish color and good corrosion resistance.
Q28: State the uses of Red Brass.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Plumbing fittings
- ➔ Pump parts
- ➔ Valves
Q29: What is Alpha Plus Beta Brass? State the composition.
Ans: Alpha plus beta brass contains both alpha and beta phases.
The composition is:
- ➔ Copper (Cu): 55% to 65%
- ➔ Zinc (Zn): 35% to 45%
It is stronger but less ductile than alpha brass.
Q30: State the uses of Alpha Plus Beta Brass.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Gears
- ➔ Valves
- ➔ Heavy-duty components
Q31: What is Leaded Red Brass?
Ans: Leaded red brass is red brass that contains a small amount of lead.
It improves machinability and casting properties.
Q32: State the uses of Leaded Red Brass.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Plumbing components
- ➔ Valves and fittings
- ➔ Pump parts
Q33: What is Bronze? State the composition.
Ans: Bronze is an alloy mainly made of copper and tin.
The composition of bronze is:
- ➔ Copper (Cu): 80% to 95%
- ➔ Tin (Sn): 5% to 20%
Q34: State the uses of Bronze.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Bearings and bushes
- ➔ Gears
- ➔ Statues and sculptures
- ➔ Marine parts
Q35: State the properties of Bronze.
Ans: The properties are:
- ➔ High strength
- ➔ Good corrosion resistance
- ➔ Good wear resistance
- ➔ Low friction
- ➔ Good casting properties
Q36: State the types of Bronze.
Ans: The types of bronze are:
- ➔ Tin Bronze
- ➔ Aluminium Bronze
- ➔ Beryllium Bronze
- ➔ Silicon Bronze
Q37: What is Tin Bronze? State the composition.
Ans: Tin bronze is bronze in which tin is the main alloying element.
The composition is:
- ➔ Copper (Cu): 85% to 95%
- ➔ Tin (Sn): 5% to 15%
Q38: State the uses of Tin Bronze.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Bearings
- ➔ Bushes
- ➔ Gears
- ➔ Pump parts
Q39: What is Aluminium Bronze? State the composition.
Ans: Aluminium bronze is bronze that contains aluminium as an alloying element.
The composition is:
- ➔ Copper (Cu): 85% to 95%
- ➔ Aluminium (Al): 5% to 15%
Q40: State the uses of Aluminium Bronze.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Marine equipment
- ➔ Pump parts
- ➔ Valves
- ➔ Heavy-duty bearings
Q41: What is Beryllium Bronze? State the composition.
Ans: Beryllium bronze is bronze that contains a small amount of beryllium.
The composition is:
- ➔ Copper (Cu): 97% to 99%
- ➔ Beryllium (Be): 1% to 3%
Q42: State the uses of Beryllium Bronze.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Springs
- ➔ Electrical contacts
- ➔ Precision instruments
Q43: What is Silicon Bronze? State the composition.
Ans: Silicon bronze is bronze that contains silicon as an alloying element.
The composition is:
- ➔ Copper (Cu): 90% to 97%
- ➔ Silicon (Si): 3% to 10%
Q44: State the uses of Silicon Bronze.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Marine hardware
- ➔ Bolts and fasteners
- ➔ Welding rods
Q45: What is Cupro Nickel? State the composition.
Ans: Cupro nickel is an alloy of copper and nickel.
The composition is:
- ➔ Copper (Cu): 70% to 90%
- ➔ Nickel (Ni): 10% to 30%
Q46: State the uses of Cupro Nickel.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Marine equipment
- ➔ Condenser tubes
- ➔ Coins
Q47: What is Nickel Silver? State the composition.
Ans: Nickel silver is an alloy of copper, nickel, and zinc.
The composition is:
- ➔ Copper (Cu): 50% to 70%
- ➔ Nickel (Ni): 10% to 25%
- ➔ Zinc (Zn): 15% to 30%
Q48: State the uses of Nickel Silver.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Decorative items
- ➔ Musical instruments
- ➔ Coins
Q49: What is Gun Metal? State the composition.
Ans: Gun metal is an alloy of copper, tin, and zinc.
The composition is:
- ➔ Copper (Cu): 85% to 90%
- ➔ Tin (Sn): 5% to 10%
- ➔ Zinc (Zn): 2% to 5%
Q50: State the uses of Gun Metal.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Valves and fittings
- ➔ Bearings
- ➔ Pump parts
- ➔ Marine components
Q51: What is Monel Metal? State the composition.
Ans: Monel metal is an alloy of nickel and copper.
The composition is:
- ➔ Nickel (Ni): 60% to 70%
- ➔ Copper (Cu): 20% to 30%
- ➔ Small amounts of iron and manganese
Q52: State the uses of Monel Metal.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Marine equipment
- ➔ Chemical industry equipment
- ➔ Pumps and valves
Q53: What is Aluminium? State the composition.
Ans: Aluminium is a non-ferrous metal.
It is a pure element with symbol Al and is mostly used in alloy form.
Q54: State the uses of Aluminium.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Aircraft construction
- ➔ Electrical wires
- ➔ Utensils
- ➔ Packaging materials
Q55: State the properties of Aluminium.
Ans: The properties are:
- ➔ Light weight
- ➔ Good conductivity
- ➔ Corrosion resistant
- ➔ Ductile and malleable
- ➔ Non-magnetic
Q56: State the ores of Aluminium.
Ans: The ores are:
- ➔ Bauxite
- ➔ Cryolite
- ➔ Diaspore
Q57: Briefly explain the extraction of Aluminium.
Ans: Aluminium is extracted from bauxite ore.
First, alumina (Al2O3) is obtained from bauxite.
Then, electrolysis is used to extract aluminium metal from alumina.
Q58: State the methods of extraction of Aluminium.
Ans: The methods are:
- ➔ Bayer Process (for alumina extraction)
- ➔ Hall-Héroult Process (for electrolysis)
Q59: What are Aluminium Alloys? Name them.
Ans: Aluminium alloys are formed by mixing aluminium with other metals to improve properties.
Some examples are:
- ➔ Duralumin
- ➔ Y-alloy
- ➔ Magnalium
Q60: State the uses of Aluminium Alloys.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Aircraft and automobile parts
- ➔ Structural components
- ➔ Machinery parts
Q61: What is Zinc? State the composition.
Ans: Zinc is a non-ferrous metal with symbol Zn.
It is used mainly for galvanizing and alloy making.
Q62: State the uses of Zinc.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Galvanizing iron and steel
- ➔ Making alloys like brass
- ➔ Batteries
- ➔ Die casting
Q63: State the properties of Zinc.
Ans: The properties are:
- ➔ Low melting point
- ➔ Good corrosion resistance
- ➔ Brittle at room temperature
- ➔ Good casting ability
Q64: State the ores of Zinc.
Ans: The ores are:
- ➔ Zinc Blende (ZnS)
- ➔ Calamine (ZnCO3)
- ➔ Zincite (ZnO)
Q65: Briefly explain the extraction of Zinc.
Ans: Zinc is extracted from its ores by roasting, reduction, and refining.
The ore is first roasted to convert sulphide into oxide.
Then reduction is done to obtain zinc metal.
Q66: State the methods of extraction of Zinc.
Ans: The methods are:
- ➔ Electrolytic method
- ➔ Electrothermic distillation
Q67: What are Zinc Ores? Name them.
Ans: Zinc ores are natural minerals from which zinc is extracted.
Some examples are:
- ➔ Zinc Blende
- ➔ Calamine
- ➔ Zincite
Q68: State the uses of Zinc Ores.
Ans: The uses are:
- ➔ Production of zinc metal
- ➔ Chemical industry
- ➔ Making alloys
Q69: Briefly explain the process of Electrolytic Extraction of Zinc.
Ans: In this process, purified zinc solution is electrolyzed.
Zinc is deposited on the cathode and impurities settle down.
This method gives high purity zinc.
Q70: Briefly explain the process of Electrothermic Distillation of Zinc.
Ans: In this process, zinc oxide is reduced using carbon at high temperature.
Zinc vapors are formed and then condensed to get pure zinc metal.
Q71: What is Blister Copper?
Ans: Blister copper is an impure form of copper obtained after smelting.
It contains about 98% copper and has a blistered surface due to escaping gases.
