NON-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS

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• Q1: Define Glass.
  Ans: Glass is a hard, transparent material made by melting sand, soda ash, and limestone.
• Q2: Write some properties of glass.
  Ans: The properties of glass are as follows:

  • ➔ It is transparent
  • ➔ It is smooth
  • ➔ It is brittle
  • ➔ It is weather-resistant
  • ➔ It is chemically stable
• Q3: Define Float Glass.
  Ans: Float glass is glass made by floating molten glass on molten tin to produce a smooth, flat surface.
• Q4: Define metal.
  Ans: Metals are materials that are hard, strong, shiny, and good conductors of heat and electricity.
• Q5: Write the types of metals.
  Ans: The types of metals are:

  • ➔ Ferrous
  • ➔ Non-ferrous
• Q6: Define Steel.
  Ans: Steel is an alloy made mainly of iron and carbon, with small amounts of other elements.
• Q7: What is Wrought Iron?
  Ans: Wrought iron is a very pure form of iron that contains less than 0.08% carbon. It is soft, tough, and can be bent or shaped easily. It is used for making gates, railings, chains, and decorative items.
• Q8: What is Cast Iron?
  Ans: Cast iron is a hard and brittle form of iron that contains 2% to 4% carbon. It is produced by melting iron and pouring it into molds. It is used in engine blocks, pipes, cookware, machine parts, and heavy structural components.
• Q9: Define Aluminum.
  Ans: Aluminum is a lightweight, soft, and corrosion-resistant non-ferrous metal.
• Q10: Write the properties of Aluminum.
  Ans: Aluminum is:

  • ➔ Lightweight
  • ➔ Corrosion-resistant
  • ➔ Ductile
  • ➔ A good conductor of heat and electricity
• Q11: Write the uses of Aluminum.
  Ans: Aluminum is used for:

  • ➔ Window frames
  • ➔ Doors
  • ➔ Roofing sheets
  • ➔ Electrical wires
  • ➔ Aircraft parts
• Q12: Write the characteristics of Aluminum.
  Ans: Aluminum is easy to work with, rust-free, recyclable, non-magnetic, and strong for its weight.
• Q13: Define Butt joints in timber.
  Ans: A butt joint is a simple joint where two timber pieces are joined end to end or edge to edge.
• Q14: Define Mortise joints in timber.
  Ans: A mortise joint is a joint where a hole (mortise) is cut into one piece of wood to receive another piece.
• Q15: Define Tenon joints in timber.
  Ans: A tenon joint is a projecting piece of wood (tenon) shaped to fit into a mortise hole.
• Q16: State timber as material.
  Ans: Timber is a natural building material obtained from trees and used for construction.
• Q17: Define Studs.
  Ans: Studs are vertical wooden or steel members used in wall framing.
• Q18: Define Joists.
  Ans: Joists are horizontal beams that support floors or ceilings.
• Q19: Define Rafters.
  Ans: Rafters are sloping wooden or steel members that support the roof.
• Q20: Define Support.
  Ans: A support is a structural element that carries and transfers loads to the foundation.
• Q21: Define Beam.
  Ans: A beam is a horizontal structural member that carries loads across openings.
• Q22: Define Plastic.
  Ans: Plastic is a synthetic material that can be easily shaped when heated. It is used for making pipes, sheets etc.
• Q23: Write the uses of plastic.
  Ans: Plastics are used for:

  • ➔ Pipes
  • ➔ Doors
  • ➔ Windows
  • ➔ Insulation
  • ➔ Furniture
  • ➔ Containers
• Q24: Write the properties of plastic.
  Ans: Plastics are lightweight, corrosion-resistant, waterproof, non-conductive, and easy to mold.
• Q25: Write the types of plastic.
  Ans: The types of plastic are:

  • ➔ Thermoplastics plastics
  • ➔ Thermosetting plastics
• Q26: Define non-structural materials.
  Ans: Non-structural materials are materials that do not carry load but are used for finishing and decoration.
• Q27: Name some non-structural materials.
  Ans: Non-structural materials include:

  • ➔ Glass
  • ➔ Plastic
  • ➔ Tiles
  • ➔ Gypsum board
  • ➔ Paint
• Q28: Define Float glass.
  Ans: Float glass is glass made by floating molten glass on molten tin to create a flat, uniform surface.
• Q29: Define Safety glass.
  Ans: Safety glass is glass designed to reduce injury by shattering into small, harmless pieces.
• Q30: Define Laminated glass.
  Ans: Laminated glass is glass made of two or more layers bonded with a plastic film to prevent it from breaking into pieces.
• Q31: Define Optical glass.
  Ans: Optical glass is glass with special clarity used in lenses, microscopes, and cameras.
• Q32: Define Pyrex glass.
  Ans: Pyrex glass is heat-resistant glass used in laboratory equipment and cookware.
• Q33: Write the use of Tungsten.
  Ans: Tungsten is used for:

  • ➔ Making electric bulb filaments
  • ➔ Cutting tools
  • ➔ High-temperature components
• Q34: Define Dado joint.
  Ans: A dado joint is a joint where a groove is cut across the grain of one piece to fit another piece into it.