WATER TURBINES

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• Q1: What is a Water Turbine?
  Ans: A water turbine is a machine that converts the energy of flowing or falling water into mechanical energy. It is widely used in hydroelectric power plants to generate electricity.
• Q2: What is a Water Wheel?
  Ans: A water wheel is a simple device that converts the energy of flowing water into rotational mechanical energy. It was used historically for grinding, pumping, and other mechanical tasks.
• Q3: Name the types of Water Wheels.
  Ans: Types of water wheels are:

  • ➔ Overshot Water Wheel
  • ➔ Breast Water Wheel
  • ➔ Undershot Water Wheel
• Q4: State the classification of Water Turbines.
  Ans: The classification of Water Turbines is as follows:

  • According to the Head and Quantity of Water available:
    • ➔ Impulse Turbine
    • ➔ Reaction Turbine
  • According to the Name of Originator:
    • ➔ Pelton Turbine
    • ➔ Kaplan Turbine
    • ➔ Francis Turbine
  • According to the Direction of Flow of Water in the Runner:
    • ➔ Tangent Flow Turbine
    • ➔ Axial Flow Turbine
    • ➔ Mixed Flow Turbine
• Q5: Define Impulse Turbine.
  Ans: An impulse turbine is a turbine in which the entire pressure drop of water occurs in the nozzle and water strikes the runner blades with high velocity.
• Q6: Name the parts of Impulse Turbine.
  Ans: Parts of an impulse turbine are:

  • ➔ Nozzle
  • ➔ Runner
  • ➔ Buckets
  • ➔ Shaft
• Q7: Define Reaction Turbine.
  Ans: A reaction turbine is a turbine in which water undergoes a pressure drop both in the guide vanes and the runner. The runner is fully immersed in water, and it develops torque due to both pressure and velocity.
• Q8: Name the parts of Reaction Turbine.
  Ans: Parts of a reaction turbine are:

  • ➔ Spiral Casing
  • ➔ Guide Vanes
  • ➔ Runner
  • ➔ Shaft
  • ➔ Draft Tube
• Q9: What is a Vertical Reaction Turbine?
  Ans: A vertical reaction turbine is a turbine in which the shaft is vertical. Water enters radially and leaves axially through the runner.
• Q10: What is a Horizontal Reaction Turbine?
  Ans: A horizontal reaction turbine is a turbine in which the shaft is horizontal. It is suitable for low head sites and smaller installations.