CONFIGURATION AND CONTROL METHOD OF NC MACHINE TOOLS

Other Chapters

• Q1: What is Positioning Control?
  Ans: Positioning control is a control system in which the tool moves from one point to another without controlling the path in between.
• Q2: What is Profile Control?
  Ans: Profile control is a control system in which the tool movement is controlled continuously along a defined path.
• Q3: What is Point to Point Control?
  Ans: Point to point control allows the machine tool to move directly between specified points without considering the path followed.
• Q4: What is Linear or Straight Cut Control?
  Ans: Linear or straight cut control is a system in which the tool moves along a straight line between two points at a controlled feed rate.
• Q5: What is Positioning Reference Point System?
  Ans: It is a coordinate system in which all positions are measured from a fixed reference point on the machine.
• Q6: What is an Incremental System?
  Ans: In an incremental system, the position of the tool is measured with respect to the previous position.
• Q7: What is an Absolute System?
  Ans: In an absolute system, the position of the tool is measured from a fixed origin point.
• Q8: Define Servo Mechanism.
  Ans: A servo mechanism is an automatic control system that uses feedback to control the position, speed, or motion of a machine component.
• Q9: Name the parts of Servo Mechanism.
  Ans: Following are the parts of Servo Mechanism:

  • ➔ Servo motor
  • ➔ Feedback device
  • ➔ Controller
  • ➔ Power amplifier
• Q10: Name the types of Servo Mechanism.
  Ans: Following are the types of Servo Mechanism:

  • ➔ Electrical servo mechanism
  • ➔ Hydraulic servo mechanism
  • ➔ Pneumatic servo mechanism
• Q11: Write the working principle of Servo Mechanism.
  Ans: The working principle of Servo Mechanism is as follows:

  • ➔ Input signal is given to the controller
  • ➔ Controller compares input with feedback
  • ➔ Error signal is generated
  • ➔ Motor corrects the position until error becomes zero
• Q12: Name four advantages of Servo Mechanism.
  Ans: Some of the advantages of Servo Mechanism are as follows:

  • ➔ High accuracy
  • ➔ Fast response
  • ➔ Automatic error correction
  • ➔ Smooth operation
• Q13: Define Feedback Control System.
  Ans: A feedback control system is a system in which the output is continuously monitored and compared with the input.
• Q14: Name the types of Feedback Control System.
  Ans: Following are the types of Feedback Control System:

  • ➔ Open loop system
  • ➔ Closed loop system
• Q15: Define Open Loop System.
  Ans: An open loop system is a control system in which there is no feedback from output to input.
• Q16: Define Closed Loop System.
  Ans: A closed loop system is a control system that uses feedback to compare actual output with desired output.
• Q17: Define Semi Closed Loop System.
  Ans: A semi closed loop system measures feedback from the motor or drive but not directly from the machine table.
• Q18: Define Hybrid System.
  Ans: A hybrid system combines features of both open loop and closed loop control systems.
• Q19: Define Ball Screw.
  Ans: A ball screw is a mechanical device that converts rotary motion into linear motion with high efficiency.
• Q20: Name the parts of Ball Screw.
  Ans: The parts of Ball Screw are as follows:

  • ➔ Screw shaft
  • ➔ Ball nut
  • ➔ Balls
  • ➔ Return mechanism
• Q21: What is a Ball Screw Lead?
  Ans: Ball screw lead is the linear distance travelled by the nut for one complete rotation of the screw.
• Q22: Define Linear Motors.
  Ans: Linear motors are electric motors that produce linear motion directly without using mechanical transmission.
• Q23: State the working principle of Linear Motors.
  Ans: Linear motors work on the principle of electromagnetic force between the stator and the mover.
• Q24: Name the parts of Linear Motors.
  Ans: The parts of Linear Motors are as follows:

  • ➔ Stator
  • ➔ Mover
  • ➔ Power supply
  • ➔ Control unit
• Q25: Name four uses of Linear Motors.
  Ans: The uses of Linear Motors are as follows:

  • ➔ CNC machines
  • ➔ Automation systems
  • ➔ Precision positioning
  • ➔ High-speed machining
• Q26: What is a Low Acceleration Linear Motor?
  Ans: A low acceleration linear motor is designed for smooth motion and moderate speed applications.
• Q27: What is a High Acceleration Linear Motor?
  Ans: A high acceleration linear motor is designed for rapid motion and quick response applications.
• Q28: What are Linear Motion Guides?
  Ans: Linear motion guides are mechanical elements that support and guide linear movement with minimum friction.
• Q29: Name the types of Linear Motion Guides?
  Ans: Following are the types of Linear Motion Guides:

  • ➔ Rolling guides
  • ➔ Sliding guides
  • ➔ Hydrostatic guides
  • ➔ Magnetic levitation guides
• Q30: What is a Rolling Guide?
  Ans: A rolling guide uses rolling elements like balls or rollers to reduce friction.
• Q31: What is a Sliding Guide?
  Ans: A sliding guide allows motion by sliding surfaces in contact with each other.
• Q32: What is a Hydro Static Guide?
  Ans: A hydrostatic guide uses pressurized fluid to support and guide motion without contact.
• Q33: What is CMM?
  Ans: CMM stands for Coordinate Measuring Machine, used to measure the physical dimensions of objects.
• Q34: What is a Magnetic Levitation Guide?
  Ans: A magnetic levitation guide supports motion using magnetic forces without physical contact.
• Q35: Define Tool pre-setter.
  Ans: A tool pre-setter is a device used to measure and set tool dimensions before machining.
• Q36: What type of motion is obtained from Linear motors?
  Ans: Linear motors produce direct linear motion.
• Q37: What kind of path control does a CNC Drilling Machine work?
  Ans: A CNC drilling machine works on point to point path control.
• Q38: What kind of path control does a NC Tapping Machine work?
  Ans: An NC tapping machine works on point to point path control.
• Q39: How does a Ball Screw work?
  Ans: A ball screw works by using rolling balls between the screw and nut to convert rotary motion into linear motion.
• Q40: How are the dimensions given in Absolute programming?
  Ans: In absolute programming, dimensions are given from a fixed reference point.
• Q41: How are the dimensions given in Incremental programming?
  Ans: In incremental programming, dimensions are given from the previous position.
• Q42: Why is absolute programming preferred?
  Ans: Absolute programming is preferred because it reduces cumulative errors and is easier to understand.
• Q43: What is the speed of a Linear Motor?
  Ans: Linear motors can operate at very high speeds, often 4 meters per second.