LABOUR LAWS

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• Q1: Define WWFO.
  Ans: WWFO stands for Workers Welfare Fund Organization.
  It is an organization that provides welfare facilities and benefits to workers such as housing, education, and financial support.
• Q2: Define IRO.
  Ans: IRO stands for Industrial Relations Ordinance.
  It is a law that regulates the relationship between employers and workers and helps in resolving industrial disputes.
• Q3: State any four objectives of Labour Policy 2010.
  Ans: The objectives of Labour Policy 2010 are as follows:

  • ➔ Protection of workers' rights
  • ➔ Improvement in working conditions
  • ➔ Promotion of employment opportunities
  • ➔ Strengthening relations between workers and employers
• Q4: What is the Employees Old Age Benefit Act 1976?
  Ans: The Employees Old Age Benefit Act 1976 is a law that provides financial support and pension to workers after retirement or in old age.
• Q5: State any four benefits of the Employees Old Age Benefit Act 1976.
  Ans: The benefits of the Employees Old Age Benefit Act 1976 are as follows:

  • ➔ Old age pension
  • ➔ Invalidity pension
  • ➔ Survivor’s pension for family
  • ➔ Old age grant
• Q6: What is the Wage Payment Act 1936?
  Ans: The Wage Payment Act 1936 is a law that ensures workers receive their wages properly and on time without illegal deductions.
• Q7: State any four benefits of the Wage Payment Act 1936.
  Ans: The benefits of the Wage Payment Act 1936 are as follows:

  • ➔ Timely payment of wages
  • ➔ Protection from illegal wage deductions
  • ➔ Clear record of wage payments
  • ➔ Legal protection for workers regarding wages
• Q8: What is the Minimum Wage Payment Act 1961?
  Ans: The Minimum Wage Payment Act 1961 is a law that ensures workers are paid at least the minimum wage fixed by the government.
• Q9: What is Overtime?
  Ans: Overtime is the extra work performed by a worker beyond the normal working hours, for which additional payment is given.
• Q10: Who is eligible to get Overtime?
  Ans: Workers who work more than the normal working hours set by the organization or law are eligible to receive overtime payment.
• Q11: What is the rate of Overtime?
  Ans: The overtime rate is usually double the normal hourly wage of the worker.
• Q12: How is Overtime calculated?
  Ans: Overtime is calculated by multiplying the worker’s hourly wage by two and then multiplying it by the number of overtime hours worked.
• Q13: Which laws cover payment of Overtime to workers?
  Ans: The laws covering overtime payment are:

  • ➔ Factories Act 1934
  • ➔ Shops and Establishments Ordinance
  • ➔ Labour Laws of Pakistan
• Q14: Is there any Forum that entertains complaints against non-payment of overtime?
  Ans: Yes, workers can file complaints in the Labour Court or with the Labour Department if overtime payment is not given.
• Q15: What is the punishment for refusing to pay overtime to workers?
  Ans: An employer who refuses to pay overtime may face legal action, fines, or penalties under labour laws.
• Q16: What is the Labour Inspection System?
  Ans: The Labour Inspection System is a system where government inspectors visit workplaces to ensure that labour laws, safety standards, and workers’ rights are properly followed.
• Q17: Define Trade Union.
  Ans: A Trade Union is an organization formed by workers to protect their rights, improve working conditions, and represent their interests before employers.
• Q18: State any two objectives of the Trade Union.
  Ans: The objectives of Trade Unions are:

  • ➔ To protect the rights of workers
  • ➔ To improve wages and working conditions
• Q19: State the duties of workers in the development of the Trade Union Movement.
  Ans: The duties of workers are as follows:

  • ➔ Actively participate in union activities
  • ➔ Follow union rules and discipline
  • ➔ Support fellow workers
  • ➔ Work for unity and cooperation among workers
• Q20: How is Trade Union registered?
  Ans: A Trade Union is registered by submitting an application to the Registrar of Trade Unions along with the required documents and membership details.
• Q21: State the requirements to register a Trade Union.
  Ans: The requirements for registering a Trade Union are:

  • ➔ Minimum number of workers as members
  • ➔ Constitution of the Trade Union
  • ➔ List of union office bearers
  • ➔ Application submitted to the Registrar
• Q22: What is Labour Court?.
  Ans: Labour Court is a special court that deals with disputes between workers and employers and ensures that labour laws are properly followed.
• Q23: How is the Labour Court constituted under Industrial Relations Ordinance 2002?
  Ans: Under the Industrial Relations Ordinance 2002, the Labour Court is constituted by the government and is headed by a qualified judge who hears and decides labour disputes.
• Q24: State any four duties of the Labour Court.
  Ans: The duties of the Labour Court are as follows:

  • ➔ Hearing industrial disputes
  • ➔ Protecting workers’ rights
  • ➔ Deciding cases related to labour laws
  • ➔ Ensuring fair treatment of workers
• Q25: How industrial disputes are settled by the Labour Court.
  Ans: Industrial disputes are settled by the Labour Court through hearings, examination of evidence, and final decisions based on labour laws.
• Q26: State the powers and procedure of the Labour Court.
  Ans: The powers and procedures of the Labour Court include:

  • ➔ Hearing complaints from workers and employers
  • ➔ Calling witnesses and examining evidence
  • ➔ Giving legal judgments
  • ➔ Enforcing labour laws
• Q27: What is Civil Court?.
  Ans: Civil Court is a court that deals with non-criminal cases such as disputes related to property, contracts, and civil rights.
• Q28: What is OH&S?.
  Ans: OH&S stands for Occupational Health and Safety.
  It refers to laws and practices that protect the health, safety, and welfare of workers at the workplace.
• Q29: State Occupational Health & Safety Laws in Pakistan.
  Ans: Occupational Health & Safety Laws in Pakistan include:

  • ➔ Factories Act 1934
  • ➔ Mines Act 1923
  • ➔ Shops and Establishments Ordinance
  • ➔ Labour Policy Regulations
• Q30: What is meant by “Cleanliness” in Occupational Health & Safety Laws in Pakistan.
  Ans: Cleanliness means maintaining the workplace in a clean and hygienic condition to protect workers from diseases and health hazards.
• Q31: What are Spittons?.
  Ans: Spittoons are special containers placed in workplaces where people can spit safely to maintain cleanliness and hygiene.
• Q32: Briefly explain Child Labour Act 1991.
  Ans: The Child Labour Act 1991 is a law that prohibits children from working in hazardous industries and protects their rights and education.
• Q33: Briefly explain Eradication of Bonded Labour Act 1992.
  Ans: The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1992 is a law that abolishes bonded labour and frees workers who were forced to work to repay debts.
• Q34: Briefly explain Punjab Employees Social Security Ordinance 1992.
  Ans: This ordinance provides social security benefits to workers such as medical care, financial assistance during sickness, maternity benefits, and compensation for injuries.
• Q35: What is PESSI?
  Ans: PESSI stands for Punjab Employees Social Security Institution.
  It provides medical and financial benefits to workers and their families.
• Q36: What is Social Security Law?
  Ans: Social Security Law provides financial protection and benefits to workers in cases of sickness, injury, disability, maternity, or old age.
• Q37: Briefly explain the Law of Iddah.
  Ans: The Law of Iddah refers to the waiting period a Muslim woman must observe after divorce or the death of her husband before she can remarry.
• Q38: What is ILO?
  Ans: ILO stands for International Labour Organization.
  It is an international body that promotes workers’ rights, fair employment, and social justice around the world.
• Q39: What is WEC-PK?
  Ans: WEC-PK stands for Women Empowerment Council Pakistan.
  It works to promote women's rights, equality, and development in society.
• Q40: What is Women Empowerment and Gender Equality?
  Ans: Women Empowerment and Gender Equality means giving women equal rights, opportunities, and respect in education, employment, and social life.
• Q41: What is the Women Empowerment Act?
  Ans: The Women Empowerment Act is a law that protects the rights of women and promotes equality and opportunities for women in society and workplaces.
• Q42: At present, in Pakistan, what is the age of men and women workers for pension?
  Ans: In Pakistan, the pension age for workers is generally:

  • ➔ 60 years for men
  • ➔ 55 years for women
• Q43: At present, what is the minimum wage fixed for a worker in Pakistan?
  Ans: The minimum wage fixed for a worker in Pakistan is approximately PKR 32,000 per month as set by the government (subject to revision).