Q1: Define WWFO.
Ans: WWFO stands for Workers Welfare Fund Organization.
It is an organization that provides welfare facilities and benefits to workers such as housing, education, and financial support.
Q2: Define IRO.
Ans: IRO stands for Industrial Relations Ordinance.
It is a law that regulates the relationship between employers and workers and helps in resolving industrial disputes.
Q3: State any four objectives of Labour Policy 2010.
Ans: The objectives of Labour Policy 2010 are as follows:
- ➔ Protection of workers' rights
- ➔ Improvement in working conditions
- ➔ Promotion of employment opportunities
- ➔ Strengthening relations between workers and employers
Q4: What is the Employees Old Age Benefit Act 1976?
Ans: The Employees Old Age Benefit Act 1976 is a law that provides financial support and pension to workers after retirement or in old age.
Q5: State any four benefits of the Employees Old Age Benefit Act 1976.
Ans: The benefits of the Employees Old Age Benefit Act 1976 are as follows:
- ➔ Old age pension
- ➔ Invalidity pension
- ➔ Survivor’s pension for family
- ➔ Old age grant
Q6: What is the Wage Payment Act 1936?
Ans: The Wage Payment Act 1936 is a law that ensures workers receive their wages properly and on time without illegal deductions.
Q7: State any four benefits of the Wage Payment Act 1936.
Ans: The benefits of the Wage Payment Act 1936 are as follows:
- ➔ Timely payment of wages
- ➔ Protection from illegal wage deductions
- ➔ Clear record of wage payments
- ➔ Legal protection for workers regarding wages
Q8: What is the Minimum Wage Payment Act 1961?
Ans: The Minimum Wage Payment Act 1961 is a law that ensures workers are paid at least the minimum wage fixed by the government.
Q9: What is Overtime?
Ans: Overtime is the extra work performed by a worker beyond the normal working hours, for which additional payment is given.
Q10: Who is eligible to get Overtime?
Ans: Workers who work more than the normal working hours set by the organization or law are eligible to receive overtime payment.
Q11: What is the rate of Overtime?
Ans: The overtime rate is usually double the normal hourly wage of the worker.
Q12: How is Overtime calculated?
Ans: Overtime is calculated by multiplying the worker’s hourly wage by two and then multiplying it by the number of overtime hours worked.
Q13: Which laws cover payment of Overtime to workers?
Ans: The laws covering overtime payment are:
- ➔ Factories Act 1934
- ➔ Shops and Establishments Ordinance
- ➔ Labour Laws of Pakistan
Q14: Is there any Forum that entertains complaints against non-payment of overtime?
Ans: Yes, workers can file complaints in the Labour Court or with the Labour Department if overtime payment is not given.
Q15: What is the punishment for refusing to pay overtime to workers?
Ans: An employer who refuses to pay overtime may face legal action, fines, or penalties under labour laws.
Q16: What is the Labour Inspection System?
Ans: The Labour Inspection System is a system where government inspectors visit workplaces to ensure that labour laws, safety standards, and workers’ rights are properly followed.
Q17: Define Trade Union.
Ans: A Trade Union is an organization formed by workers to protect their rights, improve working conditions, and represent their interests before employers.
Q18: State any two objectives of the Trade Union.
Ans: The objectives of Trade Unions are:
- ➔ To protect the rights of workers
- ➔ To improve wages and working conditions
Q19: State the duties of workers in the development of the Trade Union Movement.
Ans: The duties of workers are as follows:
- ➔ Actively participate in union activities
- ➔ Follow union rules and discipline
- ➔ Support fellow workers
- ➔ Work for unity and cooperation among workers
Q20: How is Trade Union registered?
Ans: A Trade Union is registered by submitting an application to the Registrar of Trade Unions along with the required documents and membership details.
Q21: State the requirements to register a Trade Union.
Ans: The requirements for registering a Trade Union are:
- ➔ Minimum number of workers as members
- ➔ Constitution of the Trade Union
- ➔ List of union office bearers
- ➔ Application submitted to the Registrar
Q22: What is Labour Court?.
Ans: Labour Court is a special court that deals with disputes between workers and employers and ensures that labour laws are properly followed.
Q23: How is the Labour Court constituted under Industrial Relations Ordinance 2002?
Ans: Under the Industrial Relations Ordinance 2002, the Labour Court is constituted by the government and is headed by a qualified judge who hears and decides labour disputes.
Q24: State any four duties of the Labour Court.
Ans: The duties of the Labour Court are as follows:
- ➔ Hearing industrial disputes
- ➔ Protecting workers’ rights
- ➔ Deciding cases related to labour laws
- ➔ Ensuring fair treatment of workers
Q25: How industrial disputes are settled by the Labour Court.
Ans: Industrial disputes are settled by the Labour Court through hearings, examination of evidence, and final decisions based on labour laws.
Q26: State the powers and procedure of the Labour Court.
Ans: The powers and procedures of the Labour Court include:
- ➔ Hearing complaints from workers and employers
- ➔ Calling witnesses and examining evidence
- ➔ Giving legal judgments
- ➔ Enforcing labour laws
Q27: What is Civil Court?.
Ans: Civil Court is a court that deals with non-criminal cases such as disputes related to property, contracts, and civil rights.
Q28: What is OH&S?.
Ans: OH&S stands for Occupational Health and Safety.
It refers to laws and practices that protect the health, safety, and welfare of workers at the workplace.
Q29: State Occupational Health & Safety Laws in Pakistan.
Ans: Occupational Health & Safety Laws in Pakistan include:
- ➔ Factories Act 1934
- ➔ Mines Act 1923
- ➔ Shops and Establishments Ordinance
- ➔ Labour Policy Regulations
Q30: What is meant by “Cleanliness” in Occupational Health & Safety Laws in Pakistan.
Ans: Cleanliness means maintaining the workplace in a clean and hygienic condition to protect workers from diseases and health hazards.
Q31: What are Spittons?.
Ans: Spittoons are special containers placed in workplaces where people can spit safely to maintain cleanliness and hygiene.
Q32: Briefly explain Child Labour Act 1991.
Ans: The Child Labour Act 1991 is a law that prohibits children from working in hazardous industries and protects their rights and education.
Q33: Briefly explain Eradication of Bonded Labour Act 1992.
Ans: The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1992 is a law that abolishes bonded labour and frees workers who were forced to work to repay debts.
Q34: Briefly explain Punjab Employees Social Security Ordinance 1992.
Ans: This ordinance provides social security benefits to workers such as medical care, financial assistance during sickness, maternity benefits, and compensation for injuries.
Q35: What is PESSI?
Ans: PESSI stands for Punjab Employees Social Security Institution.
It provides medical and financial benefits to workers and their families.
Q36: What is Social Security Law?
Ans: Social Security Law provides financial protection and benefits to workers in cases of sickness, injury, disability, maternity, or old age.
Q37: Briefly explain the Law of Iddah.
Ans: The Law of Iddah refers to the waiting period a Muslim woman must observe after divorce or the death of her husband before she can remarry.
Q38: What is ILO?
Ans: ILO stands for International Labour Organization.
It is an international body that promotes workers’ rights, fair employment, and social justice around the world.
Q39: What is WEC-PK?
Ans: WEC-PK stands for Women Empowerment Council Pakistan.
It works to promote women's rights, equality, and development in society.
Q40: What is Women Empowerment and Gender Equality?
Ans: Women Empowerment and Gender Equality means giving women equal rights, opportunities, and respect in education, employment, and social life.
Q41: What is the Women Empowerment Act?
Ans: The Women Empowerment Act is a law that protects the rights of women and promotes equality and opportunities for women in society and workplaces.
Q42: At present, in Pakistan, what is the age of men and women workers for pension?
Ans: In Pakistan, the pension age for workers is generally:
- ➔ 60 years for men
- ➔ 55 years for women
Q43: At present, what is the minimum wage fixed for a worker in Pakistan?
Ans: The minimum wage fixed for a worker in Pakistan is approximately PKR 32,000 per month as set by the government (subject to revision).
