Q1: Define Cutting Tools.
Ans: Cutting tools are devices used to remove material from a workpiece to give it the desired shape and size.
Q2: Name the parts of Cutting Tools.
Ans: The parts of Cutting Tools are as follows:
- ➔ Shank
- ➔ Flank
- ➔ Nose
- ➔ Cutting edge
Q3: Define Shank.
Ans: Shank is the portion of the cutting tool held in the tool holder or machine.
Q4: Define Flank.
Ans: Flank is the surface of the tool that faces the finished surface of the workpiece.
Q5: Define Nose Radius.
Ans: Nose radius is the rounded tip of the cutting tool where the cutting edges meet.
Q6: Write the effects of Nose Radius.
Ans: The effects of Nose Radius are as follows:
- ➔ Improves surface finish
- ➔ Increases tool strength
- ➔ Reduces cutting tool vibration
Q7: Define Rack Angle.
Ans: Rack angle is the angle formed between the cutting edge of a tool and the surface being machined.
Q8: Write the types of Rack Angle.
Ans: The types of Rack Angle are as follows:
- ➔ Positive Rack Angle
- ➔ Negative Rack Angle
Q9: Define Positive Rack Angle.
Ans: Positive rack angle means the cutting edge is inclined forward, reducing cutting forces.
Q10: Write the effects of Positive Rack Angle.
Ans: The effects of Positive Rack Angle are as follows:
- ➔ Reduces cutting force
- ➔ Produces smoother finish
- ➔ Increases tool life for softer materials
Q11: Define Negative Rack Angle.
Ans: Negative rack angle means the cutting edge is inclined backward, increasing tool strength for hard materials.
Q12: Write the Negative of Positive Rack Angle.
Ans: The negative rack angle is used for machining hard materials to prevent tool breakage, though it increases cutting force.
Q13: Define Cutting Edge Angle.
Ans: Cutting edge angle is the angle formed between the cutting edge of the tool and the direction of feed.
Q14: Define Relief and Clearance Angle.
Ans: Relief or clearance angle is the angle between the tool flank and the workpiece surface to prevent rubbing.
Q15: Name the types of Cutting Tools.
Ans: The types of Cutting Tools are as follows:
- ➔ Single-point cutting tool
- ➔ Multi-point cutting tool
- ➔ Diamond tool
Q16: Define Chip.
Ans: Chip is the material removed from a workpiece during the cutting process.
Q17: Name the types of Chips.
Ans: The types of Chips are as follows:
- ➔ Continuous Chip
- ➔ Discontinuous Chip
- ➔ Continuous Chip with Built-up Edge
Q18: Define Continuous Chip.
Ans: Continuous chip is a long, unbroken chip produced when cutting ductile materials with sharp tools.
Q19: Define Dis-continuous Chip.
Ans: Discontinuous chip is a short, broken chip produced when cutting brittle materials or using interrupted cuts.
Q20: Define Continuous Chip with Built-up Edge.
Ans: Continuous chip with built-up edge occurs when material sticks to the cutting edge, forming small lumps, often with ductile metals.
Q21: Define Chip Conveyor.
Ans: A chip conveyor is a device used to remove chips from the machining area to keep it clean and prevent damage.
Q22: Define Airgun.
Ans: An airgun is a tool used to blow away chips and dust from the workpiece and machine during or after machining.
