Q1: Define Machine Center Accessories.
Ans: Machine center accessories are additional devices used to improve the performance, accuracy, safety, and automation of a machine center.
Q2: Name some Machine Center Accessories.
Ans: Some of the Machine Center Accessories are as follows:
- ➔ Tool changer
- ➔ Chip conveyor
- ➔ Coolant system
- ➔ Tool magazine
- ➔ Call light
Q3: Define HSK Spindle.
Ans: HSK spindle is a hollow shank tool interface that provides high accuracy and rigidity at high spindle speeds.
Q4: Define Tool Monitor.
Ans: A tool monitor is a device used to detect tool breakage, wear, or overload during machining.
Q5: Define Mist Controller.
Ans: A mist controller removes oil mist from the machine enclosure to maintain a clean and safe working environment.
Q6: Define MQL device.
Ans: MQL device supplies a very small quantity of lubricant mixed with air for cooling and lubrication.
Q7: Define Cutting Fluid Supply System.
Ans: It is a system that delivers cutting fluid to the cutting zone for cooling and lubrication.
Q8: Define Turret.
Ans: A turret is a rotating tool holding device used to automatically change tools during machining.
Q9: Define Simulation.
Ans: Simulation is the virtual representation of machining operations used to detect errors before actual machining.
Q10: Define SGI Control.
Ans: SGI control is an advanced CNC control that improves surface finish by smoothening tool paths.
Q11: Define Chip Conveyor.
Ans: A chip conveyor is a device used to automatically remove chips from the machining area.
Q12: Define Air Blow Device.
Ans: An air blow device uses compressed air to remove chips and coolant from the work area.
Q13: Define Jet Coolant.
Ans: Jet coolant supplies cutting fluid at high pressure directly to the cutting zone.
Q14: Define Mist Coolant.
Ans: Mist coolant supplies coolant in atomized form mixed with air.
Q15: Define Chuck Open/Close Confirmation Device.
Ans: It is a safety device that confirms whether the chuck is properly opened or closed.
Q16: Define Bar Puller.
Ans: A bar puller is a device used to pull bar stock forward automatically in turning centers.
Q17: Define Call Light.
Ans: A call light provides visual indication of machine status using colored lights.
Q18: Define Lubrication Pump.
Ans: A lubrication pump supplies oil or grease to machine parts to reduce friction and wear.
Q19: Define Drills.
Ans: Drills are cutting tools used to produce circular holes in a workpiece.
Q20: Name the types of Drills.
Ans: The types of Drills are as follows:
- ➔ Twist drill
- ➔ Center drill
- ➔ Spade drill
- ➔ Carbide drill
- ➔ Carbide insert drill
Q21: Define Twist Drill.
Ans: A twist drill is a common drilling tool with helical flutes used for general drilling.
Q22: Define Center Drill.
Ans: A center drill is used to make a starting hole or center point before drilling.
Q23: Define Spade Drill.
Ans: A spade drill uses a flat blade and is suitable for large diameter holes.
Q24: Define Carbide Drill.
Ans: A carbide drill is made of carbide material and is used for high-speed and hard material drilling.
Q25: Define Carbide Insert Drill.
Ans: A carbide insert drill uses replaceable cutting inserts for drilling.
Q26: Define Reamer.
Ans: A reamer is a finishing tool used to improve the accuracy and surface finish of a drilled hole.
Q27: Name some Turning Center Tools.
Ans: Some of the Turning Center Tools are as follows:
- ➔ Turning tool
- ➔ Facing tool
- ➔ Grooving tool
- ➔ Boring tool
- ➔ Parting tool
Q28: Define Turning Tool.
Ans: A turning tool is used to remove material from the outer surface of a rotating workpiece.
Q29: Define Grooving Tool.
Ans: A grooving tool is used to cut narrow grooves on the workpiece.
Q30: Define Facing Tool.
Ans: A facing tool is used to produce a flat surface at the end of a workpiece.
Q31: Define Boring Tool.
Ans: A boring tool is used to enlarge and finish an existing hole.
Q32: Define Parting Tool.
Ans: A parting tool is used to cut off a finished component from the workpiece.
Q33: Define Cutting Fluid.
Ans: Cutting fluid is a liquid used to cool, lubricate, and remove chips during machining.
Q34: Name the types of Cutting Fluid.
Ans: The types of Cutting Fluid are as follows:
- ➔ Cutting oils
- ➔ Water soluble cutting oils
Q35: Define Cutting Oils.
Ans: Cutting oils are oil-based fluids used mainly for lubrication during machining.
Q36: Name the types of Cutting Oils.
Ans: The types of Cutting Oils are as follows:
- ➔ N1 type
- ➔ N2 type
- ➔ N3 type
- ➔ N4 type
Q37: Define N1 Type Cutting Oils.
Ans: N1 type cutting oils are light mineral oils used for low-speed machining.
Q38: Define N2 Type Cutting Oils.
Ans: N2 type cutting oils contain additives and are used for moderate machining operations.
Q39: Define N3 Type Cutting Oils.
Ans: N3 type cutting oils are heavy-duty oils used for severe cutting operations.
Q40: Define N4 Type Cutting Oils.
Ans: N4 type cutting oils contain extreme pressure additives for heavy-duty machining.
Q41: Define Water Soluble Cutting Oils.
Ans: Water soluble cutting oils are oils mixed with water to provide cooling and lubrication.
Q42: Name the types of Water Soluble Cutting Oils.
Ans: The types of Water Soluble Cutting Oils are as follows:
- ➔ A1 type
- ➔ A2 type
- ➔ A3 type
Q43: Define A1 Type Water Soluble Cutting Oils.
Ans: A1 type oils form milky emulsions and are used for general machining.
Q44: Define A2 Type Water Soluble Cutting Oils.
Ans: A2 type oils form translucent solutions and offer better cooling.
Q45: Define A3 Type Water Soluble Cutting Oils.
Ans: A3 type oils form clear solutions and provide excellent cooling.
Q46: State some properties of good Cutting Fluids.
Ans: Some of the properties are as follows:
- ➔ It has good cooling ability
- ➔ It has good lubrication
- ➔ It is Non-corrosive
- ➔ It is Non-toxic
Q47: State some functions of good Cutting Fluids.
Ans: Some of the functions are as follows:
- ➔ It reduces heat
- ➔ It reduces friction
- ➔ It improves tool life
- ➔ It improves surface finish
Q48: What is SGI?
Ans: SGI stands for Super Geometric Intelligence used to improve machining accuracy and surface finish.
Q49: Write the functions of SGI.
Ans: Some of the functions of SGI are as follows:
- ➔ Smoothens tool path
- ➔ Reduces vibration
- ➔ Improves surface finish
- ➔ Enhances accuracy
Q50: Define RBU.
Ans: RBU is a rotary buffer unit used for tool storage and transfer in machining centers.
Q51: State the working of Automatic Tool Changer.
Ans: The working of an Automatic Tool Changer can be understood step by step:
- ➔ The machine receives a command to change the tool.
- ➔ The spindle automatically stops to allow the tool change.
- ➔ The current tool is safely returned to the tool magazine.
- ➔ The new tool is selected from the magazine and loaded into the spindle.
