Q1: What is the Machining Process of Turning Center?
Ans: The machining process of a turning center involves rotating the workpiece while the cutting tool removes material to obtain the desired shape.
Q2: Define Rough Boring.
Ans: Rough boring is a machining operation used to enlarge a hole by removing a large amount of material.
Q3: Define Finish Boring.
Ans: Finish boring is a machining operation used to improve the accuracy and surface finish of an existing hole.
Q4: Define Grooving.
Ans: Grooving is a machining process used to cut narrow channels or grooves on a workpiece.
Q5: Define Contour Turning.
Ans: Contour turning is a turning operation used to produce complex curved profiles on a workpiece.
Q6: What is the Tooling for Turning Center?
Ans: The tooling is as under:
- ➔ Turning tools
- ➔ Boring tools
- ➔ Grooving tools
- ➔ Parting tools
- ➔ Drilling tools
Q7: Define Tool Fixing.
Ans: Tool fixing is the method of securely mounting cutting tools on the turret or tool holder.
Q8: What are the co-ordinate systems of the Turning Center?
Ans: Following are the co-ordinate systems of the Turning Center:
- ➔ Rectangular coordinate system
- ➔ Polar coordinate system
Q9: What is the Rectangular Co-ordinate System?
Ans: The rectangular coordinate system defines positions using X and Z axes.
Q10: What is the Polar Co-ordinate System?
Ans: The polar coordinate system defines positions using distance and angle.
Q11: What is the difference between Zero Point and Reference Point?
Ans: Zero point is the programmed origin for machining, while reference point is a fixed machine home position.
Q12: Define CNC Program.
Ans: A CNC program is a set of instructions that controls the movement and operation of a CNC machine.
Q13: Define Part Program.
Ans: A part program is a CNC program specifically written to machine a particular component.
Q14: Define Sub Program.
Ans: A sub program is a smaller program used repeatedly within a main CNC program.
Q15: Define G-code.
Ans: G-code is a programming code used to control machine movements and machining functions.
Q16: Define M-code.
Ans: M-code is a programming code used to control auxiliary machine functions.
Q17: Name the types of G-code.
Ans: Following are the types of G-code:
- ➔ One-shot G-code
- ➔ Modal G-code
Q18: Define One-shot G-code.
Ans: One-shot G-code is effective only for a single block of the program.
Q19: Define Modal G-code.
Ans: Modal G-code remains active until it is cancelled or replaced by another code.
Q20: Write some G-codes for turning center.
Ans: Some of the G-codes for turning center are as follows:
- ➔ G00 — Positioning Rapidly
- ➔ G01 — Linear interpolation
- ➔ G02 — Circular interpolation (CW)
- ➔ G03 — Circular interpolation (CCW)
- ➔ G31 — Skip function
Q21: Write some M-codes for turning center.
Ans: Some of the M-codes for turning center are as follows:
- ➔ M02 — End of Program
- ➔ M03 — Rotation of Spindle ON (CW)
- ➔ M05 — Spindle stop
- ➔ M06 — Tool change
- ➔ M09 — Coolant OFF
Q22: Define turning center program.
Ans: A turning center program is a CNC program used to perform turning operations on a turning center.
Q23: Define Reference Point Setting.
Ans: Reference point setting is the process of moving the machine to its fixed home position.
Q24: When M39 code is used?
Ans: M39 code is used to open or release the chuck in a turning center.
Q25: When will the G04 code be used?
Ans: G04 code is used to provide a dwell or pause for a specified time.
Q26: When will the G71 code be used?
Ans: G71 code is used for rough turning operations.
Q27: What is Program Zero?
Ans: Program zero is the origin point from which all machining dimensions are measured.
Q28: When will the M02 code be used?
Ans: M02 code is used to end the CNC program.
Q29: When will the M03 code be used?
Ans: M03 code is used to start the spindle in clockwise direction.
Q30: When will the M06 code be used?
Ans: M06 code is used to change the tool automatically.
Q31: When will the M09 code be used?
Ans: M09 code is used to turn OFF the coolant.
Q32: Define Circular Interpolation.
Ans: Circular interpolation is a machining process in which the tool moves along a circular path using G02 or G03 codes.
