Q1: What is Positioning Control?
Ans: Positioning control is a control system in which the tool moves from one point to another without controlling the path in between.
Q2: What is Profile Control?
Ans: Profile control is a control system in which the tool movement is controlled continuously along a defined path.
Q3: What is Point to Point Control?
Ans: Point to point control allows the machine tool to move directly between specified points without considering the path followed.
Q4: What is Linear or Straight Cut Control?
Ans: Linear or straight cut control is a system in which the tool moves along a straight line between two points at a controlled feed rate.
Q5: What is Positioning Reference Point System?
Ans: It is a coordinate system in which all positions are measured from a fixed reference point on the machine.
Q6: What is an Incremental System?
Ans: In an incremental system, the position of the tool is measured with respect to the previous position.
Q7: What is an Absolute System?
Ans: In an absolute system, the position of the tool is measured from a fixed origin point.
Q8: Define Servo Mechanism.
Ans: A servo mechanism is an automatic control system that uses feedback to control the position, speed, or motion of a machine component.
Q9: Name the parts of Servo Mechanism.
Ans: Following are the parts of Servo Mechanism:
- ➔ Servo motor
- ➔ Feedback device
- ➔ Controller
- ➔ Power amplifier
Q10: Name the types of Servo Mechanism.
Ans: Following are the types of Servo Mechanism:
- ➔ Electrical servo mechanism
- ➔ Hydraulic servo mechanism
- ➔ Pneumatic servo mechanism
Q11: Write the working principle of Servo Mechanism.
Ans: The working principle of Servo Mechanism is as follows:
- ➔ Input signal is given to the controller
- ➔ Controller compares input with feedback
- ➔ Error signal is generated
- ➔ Motor corrects the position until error becomes zero
Q12: Name four advantages of Servo Mechanism.
Ans: Some of the advantages of Servo Mechanism are as follows:
- ➔ High accuracy
- ➔ Fast response
- ➔ Automatic error correction
- ➔ Smooth operation
Q13: Define Feedback Control System.
Ans: A feedback control system is a system in which the output is continuously monitored and compared with the input.
Q14: Name the types of Feedback Control System.
Ans: Following are the types of Feedback Control System:
- ➔ Open loop system
- ➔ Closed loop system
Q15: Define Open Loop System.
Ans: An open loop system is a control system in which there is no feedback from output to input.
Q16: Define Closed Loop System.
Ans: A closed loop system is a control system that uses feedback to compare actual output with desired output.
Q17: Define Semi Closed Loop System.
Ans: A semi closed loop system measures feedback from the motor or drive but not directly from the machine table.
Q18: Define Hybrid System.
Ans: A hybrid system combines features of both open loop and closed loop control systems.
Q19: Define Ball Screw.
Ans: A ball screw is a mechanical device that converts rotary motion into linear motion with high efficiency.
Q20: Name the parts of Ball Screw.
Ans: The parts of Ball Screw are as follows:
- ➔ Screw shaft
- ➔ Ball nut
- ➔ Balls
- ➔ Return mechanism
Q21: What is a Ball Screw Lead?
Ans: Ball screw lead is the linear distance travelled by the nut for one complete rotation of the screw.
Q22: Define Linear Motors.
Ans: Linear motors are electric motors that produce linear motion directly without using mechanical transmission.
Q23: State the working principle of Linear Motors.
Ans: Linear motors work on the principle of electromagnetic force between the stator and the mover.
Q24: Name the parts of Linear Motors.
Ans: The parts of Linear Motors are as follows:
- ➔ Stator
- ➔ Mover
- ➔ Power supply
- ➔ Control unit
Q25: Name four uses of Linear Motors.
Ans: The uses of Linear Motors are as follows:
- ➔ CNC machines
- ➔ Automation systems
- ➔ Precision positioning
- ➔ High-speed machining
Q26: What is a Low Acceleration Linear Motor?
Ans: A low acceleration linear motor is designed for smooth motion and moderate speed applications.
Q27: What is a High Acceleration Linear Motor?
Ans: A high acceleration linear motor is designed for rapid motion and quick response applications.
Q28: What are Linear Motion Guides?
Ans: Linear motion guides are mechanical elements that support and guide linear movement with minimum friction.
Q29: Name the types of Linear Motion Guides?
Ans: Following are the types of Linear Motion Guides:
- ➔ Rolling guides
- ➔ Sliding guides
- ➔ Hydrostatic guides
- ➔ Magnetic levitation guides
Q30: What is a Rolling Guide?
Ans: A rolling guide uses rolling elements like balls or rollers to reduce friction.
Q31: What is a Sliding Guide?
Ans: A sliding guide allows motion by sliding surfaces in contact with each other.
Q32: What is a Hydro Static Guide?
Ans: A hydrostatic guide uses pressurized fluid to support and guide motion without contact.
Q33: What is CMM?
Ans: CMM stands for Coordinate Measuring Machine, used to measure the physical dimensions of objects.
Q34: What is a Magnetic Levitation Guide?
Ans: A magnetic levitation guide supports motion using magnetic forces without physical contact.
Q35: Define Tool pre-setter.
Ans: A tool pre-setter is a device used to measure and set tool dimensions before machining.
Q36: What type of motion is obtained from Linear motors?
Ans: Linear motors produce direct linear motion.
Q37: What kind of path control does a CNC Drilling Machine work?
Ans: A CNC drilling machine works on point to point path control.
Q38: What kind of path control does a NC Tapping Machine work?
Ans: An NC tapping machine works on point to point path control.
Q39: How does a Ball Screw work?
Ans: A ball screw works by using rolling balls between the screw and nut to convert rotary motion into linear motion.
Q40: How are the dimensions given in Absolute programming?
Ans: In absolute programming, dimensions are given from a fixed reference point.
Q41: How are the dimensions given in Incremental programming?
Ans: In incremental programming, dimensions are given from the previous position.
Q42: Why is absolute programming preferred?
Ans: Absolute programming is preferred because it reduces cumulative errors and is easier to understand.
Q43: What is the speed of a Linear Motor?
Ans: Linear motors can operate at very high speeds, often 4 meters per second.
